೭. ಉದರನಿದಾನಮ್

Name: Sushruta Samhita
Author: Sushruta

Devanagari IAST (Roman)Telugu Tamil Malayalam Kannada Gujarati Bengali Gurmukhi

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Adhikarana ೧ (೧-೨) · Śloka ೨

ಅಥಾತ ಉದರಾಣಾಂ ನಿದಾನಂ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾಸ್ಯಾಮಃ ||೧|| ಯಥೋವಾಚ ಭಗವಾನ್ ಧನ್ವನ್ತರಿಃ ||೨||

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अथात उदराणां निदानं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now the diagnosis of udara disorders will be explained, as taught by the revered Dhanvantari.

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ಅಥಾತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ||೧-೨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary gives only the conventional opening and adds no separate explanation.

Key terms

udara: A classical group of disorders characterized especially by abdominal enlargement.
nidAna (nidāna): An account of causes and diagnostic features.

Adhikarana ೨ (೩) · Śloka ೩

ಧನ್ವನ್ತರಿರ್ಧರ್ಮಭೃತಾಂ ವರಿಷ್ಠೋ ರಾಜರ್ಷಿರಿನ್ದ್ರಪ್ರತಿಮೋಽಭವದ್ಯಃ | ಬ್ರಹ್ಮರ್ಷಿಪುತ್ರಂ ವಿನಯೋಪಪನ್ನಂ ಶಿಷ್ಯಂ ಶುಭಂ ಸುಶ್ರುತಮನ್ವಶಾತ್ ಸಃ ||೩||

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धन्वन्तरिर्धर्मभृतां वरिष्ठो राजर्षिरिन्द्रप्रतिमोऽभवद्यः | ब्रह्मर्षिपुत्रं विनयोपपन्नं शिष्यं शुभं सुश्रुतमन्वशात् सः ||३||

Meaning of the śloka

Dhanvantari, foremost among those who uphold dharma, a royal sage comparable to Indra, instructed his worthy and disciplined student Sushruta, the son of a Brahmarṣi.

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ಯೋ ಧನ್ವನ್ತರಿರಭವತ್ ಸ ಸುಶ್ರುತಮನ್ವಶಾದಿತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ, ಶಿಕ್ಷಿತವಾನಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಧರ್ಮಭೃತಾಂ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕಾಣಾಂ ಮಧ್ಯೇ| ಇನ್ದ್ರಪ್ರತಿಮೋ ಜ್ಞಾನೈಶ್ವರ್ಯಾದಿಭಿಃ| ಬ್ರಹ್ಮರ್ಷಿರ್ವಿಶ್ವಾಮಿತ್ರಃ, ರಾಜರ್ಷಿರಪಿ ತಪಸಾ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮರ್ಷಿತ್ವಂ ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತವಾನ್| ವಿನಯೋಪಪನ್ನಂ ಜಿತೇನ್ದ್ರಿಯಮ್| ಶುಭಮಿತಿ ಪೂರ್ವೋಕ್ತೈರನ್ವಯವಯಃಶೀಲಾದಿಗುಣೈರುಪೇತಮ್||೩||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary connects the sentence as: Dhanvantari instructed Sushruta. 'Foremost' means foremost among righteous people, and comparable to Indra refers to knowledge, sovereignty, and similar qualities. The Brahmarṣi is Viśvāmitra, who, though originally a royal sage, attained the status of Brahmarṣi through austerity. Sushruta is described as disciplined because he has mastered his senses and as worthy because he possesses the previously stated qualities of lineage, age, character, and others.

Key terms

rAjarShi (rājarṣi): A royal sage.
brahmarShi (brahmarṣi): A sage of the Brahmarṣi rank; identified here as Viśvāmitra.
vinayopapanna: Endowed with discipline and self-restraint.
anvashAt (anvaśāt): Instructed or taught.

Adhikarana ೩ (೪) · Śloka ೪

ಪೃಥಕ್ ಸಮಸ್ತೈರಪಿ ಚೇಹ ದೋಷೈಃ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಂ ಬದ್ಧಗುದಂ ತಥೈವ | ಆಗನ್ತುಕಂ ಸಪ್ತಮಮಷ್ಟಮಂ ಚ ದಕೋದರಂ ಚೇತಿ ವದನ್ತಿ ತಾನಿ ||೪||

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पृथक् समस्तैरपि चेह दोषैः प्लीहोदरं बद्धगुदं तथैव | आगन्तुकं सप्तममष्टमं च दकोदरं चेति वदन्ति तानि ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

Eight udara disorders are enumerated: one from each doṣa separately, one from all the doṣas together, plīhodara, baddhaguda, an externally caused form, and dakodara.

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ಉದರಾಣಾಂ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಾಮಾಹ- ಪೃಥಗಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಪೃಥಗ್ದೋಷೈಸ್ತ್ರೀಣಿ, ಸಮಸ್ತೈರ್ದೋಷೈರೇಕಮ್; ಏತೇನ ಚತ್ವಾರಿ ದೋಷಪ್ರಧಾನಾನಿ| ಇಹೇತಿ ಅಸ್ಮಿಞ್ಛಾಸ್ತ್ರೇ| ತಾನೀತಿ ಉದರಾಣೀತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಾದೀನಿ ಚತ್ವಾರಿ ದೂಷ್ಯಪ್ರಧಾನಾನಿ| ಅಷ್ಟಮಮಿತಿ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯೋಕ್ತ್ಯಾ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಯಕೃದ್ದಾಲ್ಯುದರಯೋರೈಕ್ಯಮೇವ ಜ್ಞಾತವ್ಯಮ್||೪||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary counts three forms caused by the individual doṣas and one caused by all of them, making four in which doṣas predominate. Plīhodara and the remaining three are described as forms in which affected bodily structures or materials predominate. Because the verse explicitly says there are eight, plīhodara and yakṛddālyudara are to be understood as a single category rather than counted separately.

Key terms

plIhodara (plīhodara): An udara form associated with the spleen; linked by the commentary with yakṛddālyudara.
baddhaguda: An udara form associated with obstruction of the lower bowel or rectal passage.
Agantuka (āgantuka): An externally caused or acquired form.
dakodara: A fluid-associated abdominal enlargement category.
dUShyapradhAna (dūṣya-pradhāna): A form classified chiefly by the affected bodily structure or material.

Adhikarana ೪ (೫) · Śloka ೬

ಸುದುರ್ಬಲಾಗ್ನೇರಹಿತಾಶನಸ್ಯ ಸಂಶುಷ್ಕಪೂತ್ಯನ್ನನಿಷೇವಣಾದ್ವಾ | ಸ್ನೇಹಾದಿಮಿಥ್ಯಾಚರಣಾಚ್ಚ ಜನ್ತೋರ್ವೃದ್ಧಿಂ ಗತಾಃ ಕೋಷ್ಠಮಭಿಪ್ರಪನ್ನಾಃ ||೫|| ಗುಲ್ಮಾಕೃತಿವ್ಯಞ್ಜಿತಲಕ್ಷಣಾನಿ ಕುರ್ವನ್ತಿ ಘೋರಾಣ್ಯುದರಾಣಿ ದೋಷಾಃ |೬|

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सुदुर्बलाग्नेरहिताशनस्य संशुष्कपूत्यन्ननिषेवणाद्वा | स्नेहादिमिथ्याचरणाच्च जन्तोर्वृद्धिं गताः कोष्ठमभिप्रपन्नाः ||५|| गुल्माकृतिव्यञ्जितलक्षणानि कुर्वन्ति घोराण्युदराणि दोषाः |६|

Meaning of the śloka

In a person whose digestive fire is extremely weak, disturbed doṣas are said to increase, enter the abdominal cavity, and produce severe udara disorders with signs resembling gulma. The stated causes include unsuitable eating, repeated consumption of thoroughly dried or spoiled food, and incorrect performance of oleation and related procedures.

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ಉದರಾಣಾಂ ಹೇತುಂ ದರ್ಶಯನ್ನಾಹ- ಸುದುರ್ಬಲಾಗ್ನೇರಿತಾದಿ ದುರ್ಬಲಾಗ್ನೇಃ ಅತ್ಯನ್ತನಷ್ಟಾಗ್ನೇಃ| ಅಹಿತಾಶನಸ್ಯೇತಿ ವಿರುದ್ಧಸಮಶನಾಧ್ಯಶನವಿಷಮಾಶನಸ್ಯ| ಸ್ನೇಹಾದೀತ್ಯಾದಿಶಬ್ದಾದ್ವಮನವಿರೇಚನಾಸ್ಥಾಪನಾನುವಾಸನಪರಿಗ್ರಹಃ| ಮಿಥ್ಯಾಚರಣಂ ಯಥೋಕ್ತಾನುಷ್ಟಾನಪರಿತ್ಯಾಗಃ| ಜನ್ತೋಃ ಪ್ರಾಣಿನಃ| ಅಭಿಪ್ರಪನ್ನಾಃ ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಾ ಇತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಕಿಂವಿಶಿಷ್ಟಾನ್ಯುದರಣಿ ಕುರ್ವನ್ತಿ? ಗುಲ್ಮಾಕೃತಿವ್ಯಞ್ಜಿತಲಕ್ಷಣಾನಿ ಗುಲ್ಮಾಕೃತ್ಯಾ ಗುಲ್ಮರೂಪೇಣ ವ್ಯಞ್ಜಿತಾನಿ ಪ್ರಕಟಿತಾನಿ ಲಕ್ಷಣಾನಿ ಯೇಷಾಂ ತಾನಿ ತಥಾ| ಪುನರಪಿ ಕಿಂವಿಶಿಷ್ಟಾನಿ? ಘೋರಾಣಿ ಕೃಚ್ಛ್ರತಮಾನಿ||೫||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains very weak agni as digestive fire that is almost completely lost. Unsuitable eating includes incompatible combinations, eating equal mixtures regarded as improper, eating again before digestion, and irregular eating. 'Oleation and so forth' includes emesis, purgation, decoction enema, and oil enema. Incorrect performance means abandoning or deviating from the prescribed method. The doṣas reach the abdominal cavity and create very difficult disorders whose signs are expressed in a form resembling gulma.

Key terms

sudurbalAgni (sudurbalāgni): Extremely weak digestive activity in the classical framework.
ahitAshana (ahitāśana): Eating regarded as unsuitable or harmful by the source.
pUtyanna (pūtyanna): Spoiled, putrid, or decomposed food.
snehAdimithyAcaraNa (snehādi-mithyācaraṇa): Incorrect performance of oleation and related classical procedures.
gulma: A classical abdominal mass or swelling disorder used here as a resemblance.

Adhikarana ೫ (೬) · Śloka ೭

ಕೋಷ್ಠಾದುಪಸ್ನೇಹವದನ್ನಸಾರೋ ನಿಃಸೃತ್ಯ ದುಷ್ಟೋಽನಿಲವೇಗನುನ್ನಃ ||೬|| ತ್ವಚಃ ಸಮುನ್ನಮ್ಯ ಶನೈಃ ಸಮನ್ತಾದ್ವಿವರ್ಧಮಾನೋ ಜಠರಂ ಕರೋತಿ |೭|

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कोष्ठादुपस्नेहवदन्नसारो निःसृत्य दुष्टोऽनिलवेगनुन्नः ||६|| त्वचः समुन्नम्य शनैः समन्ताद्विवर्धमानो जठरं करोति |७|

Meaning of the śloka

Disturbed nutritive essence is said to leave the digestive cavity through minute pathways, like moisture seeping through a new earthen pot. Driven by vāta, it raises or distends the skin and gradually increases in all directions, producing the abdominal disorder called jaṭhara.

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ಸಮ್ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಿ ದರ್ಶಯನ್ನಾಹ- ಕೋಷ್ಠಾದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಉಪಸ್ನೇಹವದಿತಿ ನವಘಟಾದ್ಯುಪಸ್ನೇಹೋ ಯಥಾಽಣುತಮಸ್ರೋತೋಭಿರ್ಬಹಿಃಸ್ರವದ್ ದೃಶ್ಯತೇ ತದ್ವತ್ ಕೋಷ್ಠಾದನ್ನಸಾರೋಽನ್ನರಸೋ ನಿಃಸೃತ್ಯ, ಶನೈಃ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ, ಜಠರಮುದರಾಖ್ಯಂ ರೋಗಂ ಕರೋತೀತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ| ಕೋಷ್ಠಶಬ್ದೇನಾತ್ರಾಹಾರಪಾಕಾಧಾರ ಉಚ್ಯತೇ| ಕಿಮ್ಭೂತೋಽನ್ನಸಾರಃ? ದುಷ್ಟಃ| ಪುನಃ ಕಿಮ್ಭೂತಃ? ಅನಿಲವೇಗನುನ್ನೋ ವಾತವೇಗಪ್ರೇರಿತಃ| ಕಿಂ ಕೃತ್ವಾ? ತ್ವಚಃ ಸಮುನ್ನಮ್ಯ ಆನದ್ಧಾಃ ಕೃತ್ವಾ| ಪುನಃ ಕಿಮ್ಭೂತೋ ರಸಃ? ಸಮನ್ತಾದ್ವಿವರ್ಧಮಾನಃ ಸಮನ್ತಾತ್ ಸರ್ವತೋ ವೃದ್ಧಿಂ ಗಚ್ಛನ್||೬||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary presents this as the pathogenic sequence. Koṣṭha here is the receptacle of food and digestion, and annasāra or annarasa is the nutritive essence of food. Its passage outward is compared with moisture emerging through extremely fine pores of a new pot. The essence is disturbed, propelled by the force of vāta, and makes the skin tense or distended. It then gradually enlarges throughout the abdomen and creates the disease called udara or jaṭhara.

Key terms

annasAra (anna-sāra): The nutritive essence derived from food in the classical framework.
koShTha (koṣṭha): The internal cavity that holds food and digestion in this passage.
anilaveganunna (anila-vega-nunna): Driven or propelled by the force of vāta.
jaThara (jaṭhara): An abdominal enlargement disorder, used here as another name for udara.

Adhikarana ೬ (೭) · Śloka ೮

ತತ್ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂ ಬಲವರ್ಣಕಾಙ್ಕ್ಷಾವಲೀವಿನಾಶೋ ಜಠರೇ ಹಿ ರಾಜ್ಯಃ ||೭|| ಜೀರ್ಣಾಪರಿಜ್ಞಾನವಿದಾಹವತ್ಯೋ ಬಸ್ತೌ ರುಜಃ ಪಾದಗತಶ್ಚ ಶೋಫಃ |೮|

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तत्पूर्वरूपं बलवर्णकाङ्क्षावलीविनाशो जठरे हि राज्यः ||७|| जीर्णापरिज्ञानविदाहवत्यो बस्तौ रुजः पादगतश्च शोफः |८|

Meaning of the śloka

Prodromal features include loss of strength, complexion, desire for food, and the natural abdominal folds, with lines appearing on the abdomen. The person may be unable to determine whether food has digested, may experience burning and pain in the bladder region, and may develop swelling of the feet.

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ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಮಾಹ- ತದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ವಿನಾಶಶಬ್ದೋ ಬಲಾದಿಭಿಃ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕಂ ಸಮ್ಬಧ್ಯತೇ| ಕಾಙ್ಕ್ಷಾ ಅನ್ನಾಭಿಲಾಷಃ| ವಲೀ ತ್ವಕ್ಸಙ್ಕೋಚಃ| ರಾಜ್ಯೋ ರೇಖಾಃ ‘ಭವನ್ತಿ’ ಇತಿ ಶೇಷಃ| ಜೀರ್ಣಾಪರಿಜ್ಞಾನವಿದಾಹವತ್ಯೋ ಬಸ್ತೌ ರುಜ ಇತಿ ಜೀರ್ಣಾಪರಿಜ್ಞಾನವಿದಾಹೌ ವಿದ್ಯೇತೇ ಯಾಸು ಬಸ್ತಿರುಜಾಸು ತಾಸ್ತಥಾ| ಜೀರ್ಣಾಪರಿಜ್ಞಾನಮನ್ನಪರಿಣಾಮಾನಿಶ್ಚಯಃ; ಜೀರ್ಣಾಪರಿಜ್ಞಾನಂ ತು ಯಥಾಸಮ್ಭವತ್ವಾತ್ ಪುರುಷಸ್ಯೈವ ಜ್ಞೇಯಮ್||೭||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary applies 'loss' separately to strength, complexion, appetite, and the abdominal folds. Kāṅkṣā means desire for food; valī means skin folds; and rāji means lines, for which the verb 'appear' is supplied. The bladder-region pains are accompanied by uncertainty about whether food has digested and by burning. The uncertainty about digestion is more properly understood as a feature experienced by the person, as context allows.

Key terms

pUrvarUpa (pūrvarūpa): A prodromal feature before the disorder is fully manifest.
jIrNAparij~jAna (jīrṇāparijñāna): Uncertainty about whether a meal has been digested.
vidAha (vidāha): A burning or corrosive digestive sensation in the classical account.
pAdashopha (pāda-śopha): Swelling of the feet.
rAjI (rājī): A line or streak appearing on the abdomen.

Adhikarana ೭ (೮) · Śloka ೯

ಸಙ್ಗೃಹ್ಯ ಪಾರ್ಶ್ವೋದರಪೃಷ್ಠನಾಭೀರ್ಯದ್ವರ್ಧತೇ ಕೃಷ್ಣಸಿರಾವನದ್ಧಮ್ ||೮|| ಸಶೂಲಮಾನಾಹವದುಗ್ರಶಬ್ದಂ ಸತೋದಭೇದಂ ಪವನಾತ್ಮಕಂ ತತ್ |೯|

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सङ्गृह्य पार्श्वोदरपृष्ठनाभीर्यद्वर्धते कृष्णसिरावनद्धम् ||८|| सशूलमानाहवदुग्रशब्दं सतोदभेदं पवनात्मकं तत् |९|

Meaning of the śloka

The abdominal condition that constricts the flanks, abdomen, back, and navel, enlarges with dark visible veins, and is accompanied by pain, distension, loud abdominal sounds, pricking, and splitting sensations is described as vāta-origin udara.

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ವಾತೋದರಮಾಹ- ಸಙ್ಗೃಹ್ಯೇತ್ಯಾದಿ||೮||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies these verses as the description of vātodara and provides no additional gloss.

Key terms

vAtodara (vātodara): A classical abdominal enlargement syndrome attributed predominantly to vāta.
kRuShNasirAvanaddha (kṛṣṇa-sirā-vanaddha): Covered or bound with dark-appearing veins.
AnAha (ānāha): Abdominal distension or obstruction.
todabheda (toda-bheda): Pricking and splitting kinds of pain.

Adhikarana ೮ (೯) · Śloka ೧೦

ಯಚ್ಚೋಷತೃಷ್ಣಾಜ್ವರದಾಹಯುಕ್ತಂ ಪೀತಂ ಸಿರಾ ಭಾನ್ತಿ ಚ ಯತ್ರ ಪೀತಾಃ ||೯|| ಪೀತಾಕ್ಷಿವಿಣ್ಮೂತ್ರನಖಾನನಸ್ಯ ಪಿತ್ತೋದರಂ ತತ್ತ್ವಚಿರಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ |೧೦|

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यच्चोषतृष्णाज्वरदाहयुक्तं पीतं सिरा भान्ति च यत्र पीताः ||९|| पीताक्षिविण्मूत्रनखाननस्य पित्तोदरं तत्त्वचिराभिवृद्धि |१०|

Meaning of the śloka

An abdominal condition accompanied by a drawing or burning sensation, thirst, fever, and heat, yellow in appearance with yellow visible veins, and occurring in a person whose eyes, stool, urine, nails, and face are yellow is called pittodara. It is described as enlarging rapidly.

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ಪಿತ್ತೋದರಮಾಹ- ಯದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಅಚಿರಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಶೀಘ್ರವರ್ಧನಶೀಲಮ್||೯||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies this as pittodara and explains acirābhivṛddhi as having a tendency to enlarge quickly.

Key terms

pittodara: A classical abdominal enlargement syndrome attributed predominantly to pitta.
coSha (coṣa): A drawing, drying, or suction-like discomfort in this symptom group.
pItasirA (pīta-sirā): Yellow-appearing visible veins.
acirAbhivRuddhi (acirābhivṛddhi): Increasing or enlarging rapidly.

Adhikarana ೯ (೧೦) · Śloka ೧೧

ಯಚ್ಛೀತಲಂ ಶುಕ್ಲಸಿರಾವನದ್ಧಂ ಗುರು ಸ್ಥಿರಂ ಶುಕ್ಲನಖಾನನಸ್ಯ ||೧೦|| ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧಂ ಮಹಚ್ಛೋಫಯುತಂ ಸಸಾದಂ ಕಫೋದರಂ ತತ್ತು ಚಿರಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ |೧೧|

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यच्छीतलं शुक्लसिरावनद्धं गुरु स्थिरं शुक्लनखाननस्य ||१०|| स्निग्धं महच्छोफयुतं ससादं कफोदरं तत्तु चिराभिवृद्धि |११|

Meaning of the śloka

An abdominal condition that is cold, covered with pale visible veins, heavy, firm, unctuous, greatly enlarged, associated with swelling and bodily fatigue, and occurring in a person with pale nails and face is called kaphodara. It is described as enlarging slowly.

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ಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮೋದರಮಾಹ- ಯಚ್ಛೀತಲಮಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಸ್ಥಿರಂ ಕಠಿನಮ್| ಸಸಾದಮಙ್ಗಗ್ಲಾನಿಯುಕ್ತಮ್||೧೦||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies this as śleṣmodara. Sthira means hard or firm, and sa-sāda means accompanied by fatigue or weakness of the limbs.

Key terms

kaphodara: A classical abdominal enlargement syndrome attributed predominantly to kapha.
shuklasirAvanaddha (śukla-sirā-vanaddha): Covered or bound with pale-appearing veins.
sthira: Firm or hard according to the commentary.
sAda (sāda): Bodily or limb fatigue.
cirAbhivRuddhi (cirābhivṛddhi): Increasing slowly over a prolonged period.

Adhikarana ೧೦ (೧೧-೧೩) · Śloka ೧೪

ಸ್ತ್ರಿಯೋಽನ್ನಪಾನಂ ನಖರೋಮಮೂತ್ರವಿಡಾರ್ತವೈರ್ಯುಕ್ತಮಸಾಧುವೃತ್ತಾಃ ||೧೧|| ಯಸ್ಮೈ ಪ್ರಯಚ್ಛನ್ತ್ಯರಯೋ ಗರಾಂಶ್ಚ ದುಷ್ಟಾಮ್ಬುದೂಷೀವಿಷಸೇವನಾದ್ವಾ | ತೇನಾಶು ರಕ್ತಂ ಕುಪಿತಾಶ್ಚ ದೋಷಾಃ ಕುರ್ವನ್ತಿ ಘೋರಂ ಜಠರಂ ತ್ರಿಲಿಙ್ಗಮ್ ||೧೨|| ತಚ್ಛೀತವಾತಾಭ್ರಸಮುದ್ಭವೇಷು ವಿಶೇಷತಃ ಕುಪ್ಯತಿ ದಹ್ಯತೇ ಚ ಸ ಚಾತುರೋ ಮೂರ್ಚ್ಛತಿ ಸಮ್ಪ್ರಸಕ್ತಂ ಪಾಣ್ಡುಃ ಕೃಶಃ ಶುಷ್ಯತಿ ತೃಷ್ಣಯಾ ಚ ||೧೩|| ಪ್ರಕೀರ್ತಿತಂ ದೂಷ್ಯುದರಂ ತು ಘೋರಂ ... |೧೪|

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स्त्रियोऽन्नपानं नखरोममूत्रविडार्तवैर्युक्तमसाधुवृत्ताः ||११|| यस्मै प्रयच्छन्त्यरयो गरांश्च दुष्टाम्बुदूषीविषसेवनाद्वा | तेनाशु रक्तं कुपिताश्च दोषाः कुर्वन्ति घोरं जठरं त्रिलिङ्गम् ||१२|| तच्छीतवाताभ्रसमुद्भवेषु विशेषतः कुप्यति दह्यते च स चातुरो मूर्च्छति सम्प्रसक्तं पाण्डुः कृशः शुष्यति तृष्णया च ||१३|| प्रकीर्तितं दूष्युदरं तु घोरं ... |१४|

Meaning of the śloka

The passage attributes a severe three-doṣa abdominal disorder to ingestion of food or drink contaminated with nails, hair, urine, stool, menstrual blood, deliberately administered artificial poisons, contaminated water, or dūṣīviṣa. Blood and all three doṣas are said to become rapidly aggravated, producing a grave abdominal condition with their combined signs. It becomes especially aggravated during cold, wind, and cloudy weather. The affected person experiences burning and recurrent fainting and is described as pale, thin, wasting, and afflicted by thirst. This severe condition is called dūṣyudara.

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ಸನ್ನಿಪಾತೋದರಮಾಹ- ಸ್ತ್ರಿಯ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಸ್ತ್ರಿಯೋಽನ್ನಪಾನಂ ನಖರೋಮಮೂತ್ರವಿಡಾರ್ತವಯುಕ್ತಂ ಯಸ್ಮೈ ಪುರುಷಾಯ ಪ್ರಯಚ್ಛನ್ತಿ ದದತಿ| ಕಿಮ್ಭೂತಾಃ ಸ್ತ್ರಿಯಃ? ಅಸಾಧುವೃತ್ತಾ ದುರಾಚಾರಾಃ| ಸ್ತ್ರೀಗ್ರಹಣಮತ್ರೋಪಲಕ್ಷಣಂ, ತೇನಾನ್ಯೇಽಪಿ ಸನ್ನಿಹಿತಾ ಅವಿವೇಕಿನೋ ಗ್ರಾಹ್ಯಾಃ| ಅರಯಃ ಶತ್ರವಃ| ಗರಾನ್ ಕೃತ್ರಿಮವಿಷಾಣಿ ಯಸ್ಮೈ ಪ್ರಯಚ್ಛನ್ತಿ| ದುಷ್ಟಾಮ್ಬು ಸವಿಷಮತ್ಸ್ಯಾದಿಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಾತ್| ವಿಷಮೇವ ದಾವಾಗ್ನಿವಾತಾತಪಾದ್ಯಭಿಭವೇನ ಮನ್ದತಾಂ ಗತಂ ವಿಷಪೀತಸ್ಯ ವಾ ವಿಷಂ ದೂಷೀವಿಷಂ; ತೇನ ನಖರೋಮಾದಿನಾ ವಿಷಕಲ್ಪೇನ ಗರೇಣ ದೂಷೀವಿಷೇಣ ವಾಽಽಶು ಶೀಘ್ರಂ ರಕ್ತಂ ಕುಪಿತಮಿತಿ ಬೋದ್ಧವ್ಯಮ್| ತ್ರಿಲಿಙ್ಗಂ ವಾತಪಿತ್ತಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮಲಿಙ್ಗಮ್| ಸಮ್ಪ್ರಸಕ್ತಂ ನಿರನ್ತರಮ್| ದೂಷ್ಯುದರಮಿತಿ ಯದೇವ ಸಾನ್ನಿಪಾತಿಕೋದರಂ ತದೇವ ದೂಷ್ಯುದರಮ್, ಏತೇನ ನ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಾತಿರೇಕಃ| ಘೋರಂ ಭಯಾನಕಂ, ಪುನರ್ಘೋರಂ ಕಷ್ಟಕಾರಿ||೧೧-೧೩||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary calls this sannipātodara. It reproduces a historical narrative in which persons described pejoratively as behaving badly contaminate a man’s food or drink; it then clarifies that the reference is illustrative and includes any nearby person acting without judgment. Enemies may administer gara, an artificially prepared poison. Duṣṭāmbu is water contaminated through contact with poisonous fish or similar causes. Dūṣīviṣa is explained either as poison weakened by forest fire, wind, sunlight, and other exposure or as residual poison in someone previously poisoned. Nails, hair, and the other materials are treated as poison-like contaminants. Triliṅga means signs of vāta, pitta, and kapha; samprasakta means continuous. Dūṣyudara is said to be the same condition as sannipātodara, so it does not add another type to the count. Ghora is repeated to mean both alarming and distressing.

Key terms

sannipAtodara (sannipātodara): A classical abdominal syndrome displaying signs of all three doṣas.
dUShyudara (dūṣyudara): The same three-doṣa abdominal condition framed here as arising from contamination or poison.
gara: An artificially compounded poison in the historical account.
dUShIviSha (dūṣīviṣa): Weakened or residual poison according to two explanations in the commentary.
trili~gga (tri-liṅga): Possessing signs attributed to all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ೧೧ (೧೪-೧೫) · Śloka ೧೬

... ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಂ ಕೀರ್ತಯತೋ ನಿಬೋಧ | ವಿದಾಹ್ಯಭಿಷ್ಯನ್ದಿರತಸ್ಯ ಜನ್ತೋಃ ಪ್ರದುಷ್ಟಮತ್ಯರ್ಥಮಸೃಕ್ ಕಫಶ್ಚ ||೧೪|| ಪ್ಲೀಹಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಂ ಸತತಂ ಕರೋತಿ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಂ ತತ್ ಪ್ರವದನ್ತಿ ತಜ್ಜ್ಞಾಃ | ವಾಮೇ ಚ ಪಾರ್ಶ್ವೇ ಪರಿವೃದ್ಧಿಮೇತಿ ವಿಶೇಷತಃ ಸೀದತಿ ಚಾತುರೋಽತ್ರ ||೧೫|| ಮನ್ದಜ್ವರಾಗ್ನಿಃ ಕಫಪಿತ್ತಲಿಙ್ಗೈರುಪದ್ರುತಃ ಕ್ಷೀಣಬಲೋಽತಿಪಾಣ್ಡುಃ |೧೬|

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... प्लीहोदरं कीर्तयतो निबोध | विदाह्यभिष्यन्दिरतस्य जन्तोः प्रदुष्टमत्यर्थमसृक् कफश्च ||१४|| प्लीहाभिवृद्धिं सततं करोति प्लीहोदरं तत् प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः | वामे च पार्श्वे परिवृद्धिमेति विशेषतः सीदति चातुरोऽत्र ||१५|| मन्दज्वराग्निः कफपित्तलिङ्गैरुपद्रुतः क्षीणबलोऽतिपाण्डुः |१६|

Meaning of the śloka

The text next describes plīhodara. In a person habitually consuming foods that produce burning or abhiṣyanda, severely affected blood and kapha are said continually to enlarge the spleen; specialists call this plīhodara. Enlargement occurs particularly on the left side, and the person develops marked fatigue. The condition is associated with low fever, weak digestive fire, signs of kapha and pitta, diminished strength, and pronounced pallor.

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ನಿಬೋಧ ಜಾನೀಹಿ| ಅಭಿಷ್ಯನ್ದಿ ದೋಷಧಾತುಮಲಸ್ರೋತಸಾಂ ಕ್ಲೇದಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಿಜನಕಮ್| ಅಸೃಕ್ ಕಫಶ್ಚೇತಿ ಅಸೃಗ್ಗ್ರಹಣೇನ ಪಿತ್ತಸ್ಯಾಪಿ ಗ್ರಹಣಮ್| ಪ್ಲೀಹಾ ಉದರಸ್ಯ ವಾಮಪಾರ್ಶ್ವಸ್ಥಿತಃ| ಏತಿ ಗಚ್ಛತಿ| ಸೀದತಿ ಅಙ್ಗಗ್ಲಾನಿಯುಕ್ತೋ ಭವತಿ| ಅತ್ರ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರೇ||೧೪-೧೫||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains abhiṣyandin as producing moisture or obstruction in the channels of doṣas, dhātus, and wastes. Mention of blood also includes pitta. The spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen. Sīdati means becoming fatigued or weak in the limbs, specifically in plīhodara.

Key terms

plIhodara (plīhodara): A classical abdominal syndrome centered on enlargement of the spleen.
abhiShyandin (abhiṣyandin): Considered to promote moisture or obstruction in bodily channels.
plIhAbhivRuddhi (plīhābhivṛddhi): Enlargement of the spleen.
mandajvara (manda-jvara): Low-grade or mild fever.
atipANDu (ati-pāṇḍu): Marked pallor.

Adhikarana ೧೨ (೧೬) · Śloka ೧೬

ಸವ್ಯೇತರಸ್ಮಿನ್ ಯಕೃತಿ ಪ್ರದುಷ್ಟೇ ಜ್ಞೇಯಂ ಯಕೃದ್ದಾಲ್ಯುದರಂ ತದೇವ ||೧೬||

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सव्येतरस्मिन् यकृति प्रदुष्टे ज्ञेयं यकृद्दाल्युदरं तदेव ||१६||

Meaning of the śloka

When the corresponding condition occurs on the right side in an affected liver, it is to be recognized as yakṛddālyudara.

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ಯಕೃದ್ದಾಲ್ಯುದರಸ್ಯ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರೇ ಏವಾವರೋಧಂ ದರ್ಶಯನ್ನಾಹ- ಸವ್ಯೇತರಸ್ಮಿನ್ನಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಸವ್ಯೇತರಸ್ಮಿನ್ ದಕ್ಷಿಣಪಾರ್ಶ್ವೇ| ತದೇವ ಪ್ಲೀಹೋದರಂ ಯಕೃದ್ದಾಲ್ಯುದರಂ ಜ್ಞೇಯಮ್| ಕ್ವ ಜ್ಞೇಯಮಿತ್ಯಾಹ- ಯಕೃತಿ ಕಾಲಖಣ್ಡೇ; ಕಿಮ್ಭೂತೇ? ಪ್ರದುಷ್ಟೇ; ಏತೇನ ನ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಾತಿರೇಕಃ||೧೬||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary includes yakṛddālyudara within the preceding discussion of plīhodara rather than treating it as an additional numbered type. ‘The side other than the left’ means the right side. The same pattern called plīhodara is termed yakṛddālyudara when it involves the affected liver, described as the dark organ.

Key terms

yakRuddAlyudara (yakṛddālyudara): A classical abdominal syndrome corresponding to plīhodara but centered on the liver and right side.
savyetara: The side other than the left, interpreted as the right side.
yakRut (yakṛt): The liver.
kAlakhaNDa (kāla-khaṇḍa): The dark-coloured organ, used here as a gloss for the liver.

Adhikarana ೧೩ (೧೭-೧೮) · Śloka ೧೯

ಯಸ್ಯಾನ್ತ್ರಮನ್ನೈರುಪಲೇಪಿಭಿರ್ವಾ ಬಾಲಾಶ್ಮಭಿರ್ವಾ ಸಹಿತೈಃ ಪೃಥಗ್ವಾ | ಸಞ್ಚೀಯತೇ ತತ್ರ ಮಲಃ ಸದೋಷಃ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ನಾಡ್ಯಾಮಿವ ಸಙ್ಕರೋ ಹಿ ||೧೭|| ನಿರುಧ್ಯತೇ ಚಾಸ್ಯ ಗುದೇ ಪುರೀಷಂ ನಿರೇತಿ ಕೃಚ್ಛ್ರಾದಪಿ ಚಾಲ್ಪಮಲ್ಪಮ್ | ಹೃನ್ನಾಭಿಮಧ್ಯೇ ಪರಿವೃದ್ಧಿಮೇತಿ ತ(ಯ)ಚ್ಚೋದರಂ ವಿಟ್ಸಮಗನ್ಧಿಕಂ ಚ ||೧೮|| ಪ್ರಚ್ಛರ್ದಯನ್ ಬದ್ಧಗುದೀ ವಿಭಾವ್ಯಃ, ... |೧೯|

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यस्यान्त्रमन्नैरुपलेपिभिर्वा बालाश्मभिर्वा सहितैः पृथग्वा | सञ्चीयते तत्र मलः सदोषः क्रमेण नाड्यामिव सङ्करो हि ||१७|| निरुध्यते चास्य गुदे पुरीषं निरेति कृच्छ्रादपि चाल्पमल्पम् | हृन्नाभिमध्ये परिवृद्धिमेति त(य)च्चोदरं विट्समगन्धिकं च ||१८|| प्रच्छर्दयन् बद्धगुदी विभाव्यः, ... |१९|

Meaning of the śloka

When the intestine is obstructed by coating foods, small stones or hard particles, either together or separately, stool associated with the doshas is said to accumulate gradually like debris in a channel. Feces then becomes obstructed at the rectum and passes only with difficulty and in small amounts. The abdomen enlarges between the heart region and navel, develops an odor like feces, and vomiting occurs; this condition is identified as baddhaguda. The supplied passage ends incompletely.

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ಬದ್ಧಗುದಂ ದರ್ಶಯನ್ನಾಹ- ಯಸ್ಯೇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಯಸ್ಯ ಪುರುಷಸ್ಯ ಅನ್ತ್ರಂ ನಿರುಧ್ಯತ ಇತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ| ಕೈರ್ನಿರುಧ್ಯತ ಇತ್ಯಾಹ- ಅನ್ನೈರಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಉಪಲೇಪಿಭಿಃ ಪಿಚ್ಛಿಲಾದಿಭಿಃ| ವಾ ಅತ್ರ ಸಮುಚ್ಚಯೇ| ಸಹಿತೈರಿತಿ ಏಕತ್ರ ಮಿಲಿತೈಃ ಸಮುದಿತೈರಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಪೃಥಗ್ವೇತಿ ಏಕೈಕೈರಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಮಲಃ ಪುರೀಷಮ್| ಸದೋಷೋ ದೋಷತ್ರಯಸಹಿತಃ| ನಾಡ್ಯಾಂ ಪ್ರಣಾಲಿಕಾಯಾಮ್| ಸಙ್ಕರೋಽವಕರಃ, ಪ್ರಚುರತೃಣಾದಿಸಮೂಹ ಇತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ನಿರೇತಿ ನಿಃಸರತಿ| ಬದ್ಧಗುದೀ ವಿಭಾವ್ಯಃ ಸ ಪುರುಷೋ ಬದ್ಧಗುದೀ ಜ್ಞೇಯಃ||೧೭-೧೮||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary defines baddhaguda through intestinal obstruction. Upalepin foods are sticky or slimy. Sahita means the obstructing materials are combined, while prithak means each may act separately; va is interpreted cumulatively. Mala here means feces accompanied by all three doshas. The accumulation is likened to a mass of grass and other refuse blocking a pipe. Nireti means that stool comes out, and the affected person is thereby recognized as having baddhaguda. The commentary and source are incomplete after the verses explained.

Key terms

baddhaguda: A classical abdominal disorder characterized here by intestinal and rectal obstruction.
upalepin anna: Food described as coating, sticky, or slimy.
bAlAshman (balashman): Small stones or hard particles; the precise referent requires review.
sa~gkara (sankara): Accumulated debris, compared with a mass blocking a channel.
kRucchrAt (krichhrat): With difficulty.

Adhikarana ೧೪ (೧೯-೨೦) · Śloka ೨೧

...ತತಃ ಪರಿಸ್ರಾವ್ಯುದರಂ ನಿಬೋಧ | ಶಲ್ಯಂ ಯದನ್ನೋಪಹಿತಂ ತದನ್ತ್ರಂ ಭಿನತ್ತಿ ಯಸ್ಯಾಗತಮನ್ಯಥಾ ವಾ ||೧೯|| ತಸ್ಮಾತ್ ಸ್ರುತೋಽನ್ತ್ರಾತ್ ಸಲಿಲಪ್ರಕಾಶಃ ಸ್ರಾವಃ ಸ್ರವೇದ್ವೈ ಗುದತಸ್ತು ಭೂಯಃ | ನಾಭೇರಧಶ್ಚೋದರಮೇತಿ ವೃದ್ಧಿಂ ನಿಸ್ತುದ್ಯತೇಽತೀವ ವಿದಹ್ಯತೇ ಚ ||೨೦|| ಏತತ್ ಪರಿಸ್ರಾವ್ಯುದರಂ ಪ್ರದಿಷ್ಟಂ... |೨೧|

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...ततः परिस्राव्युदरं निबोध | शल्यं यदन्नोपहितं तदन्त्रं भिनत्ति यस्यागतमन्यथा वा ||१९|| तस्मात् स्रुतोऽन्त्रात् सलिलप्रकाशः स्रावः स्रवेद्वै गुदतस्तु भूयः | नाभेरधश्चोदरमेति वृद्धिं निस्तुद्यतेऽतीव विदह्यते च ||२०|| एतत् परिस्राव्युदरं प्रदिष्टं... |२१|

Meaning of the śloka

The text describes parisravyudara as arising when a foreign object swallowed with food enters crosswise and pierces the intestine. Watery discharge then repeatedly flows from the injured intestine through the rectum; the abdomen enlarges below the navel and has intense pricking and burning pain. The supplied passage is incomplete at both its beginning and end.

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ಪರಿಸ್ರಾವ್ಯುದರಮಾಹ- ತತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಯಚ್ಛಲ್ಯಮನ್ನೋಪಹಿತಮನ್ನಸಮ್ಬದ್ಧಂ ಭುಕ್ತಂ, ತದನ್ತ್ರಂ ಭಿನತ್ತಿ ವಿದಾರಯತಿ| ಯಸ್ಯ ಪುರುಷಸ್ಯ| ಶಲ್ಯಂ ಶರ್ಕರಾಕಾಷ್ಠಾಸ್ಥಿಕಣ್ಟಕಾದಿಕಮ್| ಆಗತಮನ್ಯಥಾ ವೇತಿ ವಾಶಬ್ದೋಽವಧಾರಣೇ, ತೇನಾನ್ಯಥೈವ ವಿಲೋಮೇನ ತಿರ್ಯಗೇವಾಗತಂ, ನತ್ವನುಲೋಮೇನ| ಸ್ರುತೋ ಗಲಿತಃ||೧೯-೨೦||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains shalya as a foreign object associated with swallowed food, such as gravel, wood, bone, or a thorn. It tears the intestine. In 'agatam anyatha va,' va is taken as emphasizing that the object entered abnormally, crosswise or contrary to the normal course. Sruta means fluid that has leaked or flowed from the injured intestine.

Key terms

parisrAvyudara (parisravyudara): A classical abdominal disorder involving intestinal injury and discharge.
shalya: A swallowed foreign object, exemplified by gravel, wood, bone, or a thorn.
antrabheda: Piercing or tearing of the intestine.
pratiloma/tiryak Agata (pratiloma/tiryak agata): Entering contrary to the normal direction or crosswise.
srAva (srava): Watery discharge or leakage.

Adhikarana ೧೫ (೨೧-೨೩) · Śloka ೨೩

... ದಕೋದರಂ ಕೀರ್ತಯತೋ ನಿಬೋಧ | ಯಃ ಸ್ನೇಹಪೀತೋಽಪ್ಯನುವಾಸಿತೋ ವಾ ವಾನ್ತೋ ವಿರಿಕ್ತೋಽಪ್ಯಥವಾ ನಿರೂಢಃ ||೨೧|| ಪಿಬೇಜ್ಜಲಂ ಶೀತಲಮಾಶು ತಸ್ಯ ಸ್ರೋತಾಂಸಿ ದುಷ್ಯನ್ತಿ ಹಿ ತದ್ವಹಾನಿ | ಸ್ನೇಹೋಪಲಿಪ್ತೇಷ್ವಥವಾಽಪಿ ತೇಷು ದಕೋದರಂ ಪೂರ್ವವದಭ್ಯುಪೈತಿ ||೨೨|| ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧಂ ಮಹತ್ ಸಮ್ಪರಿವೃತ್ತನಾಭಿ ಭೃಶೋನ್ನತಂ ಪೂರ್ಣಮಿವಾಮ್ಬುನಾ ಚ | ಯಥಾ ದೃತಿಃ ಕ್ಷುಭ್ಯತಿ ಕಮ್ಪತೇ ಚ ಶಬ್ದಾಯತೇ ಚಾಪಿ ದಕೋದರಂ ತತ್ ||೨೩||

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... दकोदरं कीर्तयतो निबोध | यः स्नेहपीतोऽप्यनुवासितो वा वान्तो विरिक्तोऽप्यथवा निरूढः ||२१|| पिबेज्जलं शीतलमाशु तस्य स्रोतांसि दुष्यन्ति हि तद्वहानि | स्नेहोपलिप्तेष्वथवाऽपि तेषु दकोदरं पूर्ववदभ्युपैति ||२२|| स्निग्धं महत् सम्परिवृत्तनाभि भृशोन्नतं पूर्णमिवाम्बुना च | यथा दृतिः क्षुभ्यति कम्पते च शब्दायते चापि दकोदरं तत् ||२३||

Meaning of the śloka

The passage asks the reader to understand dakodara or udakodara. It says that rapidly drinking cold water after oleation, an oil enema, vomiting therapy, purgation, or a decoction enema impairs the water-carrying channels; it may also arise when these channels are coated with unctuous material. The abdomen is described as smooth, greatly enlarged, prominently raised, with a displaced or protruding navel, and as if filled with water; like a leather water bag, it moves, trembles, and makes sound. The supplied text begins incompletely.

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ಉದಕೋದರಮಾಹ- ದಕೋದರಮಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ದಕೋದರಮ್ ಉದಕೋದರಮಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ತದ್ವಹಾನಿ ತೋಯವಹಾನಿ| ಸ್ನೇಹೋಪಲಿಪ್ತೇಷ್ವಥವಾಽಪಿ ತೇಷ್ವಿತಿ ಸ್ನೇಹಾದಿಪಾನಂ ವಿನಾಽಪಿ ತೇಷು ಸ್ರೋತಃಸು ಸ್ನೇಹೋಪಲಿಪ್ತೇಷು ಯದಾ ಶೀತಲಂ ಜಲಂ ಪಿಬೇತ್ತದಾಽಪೀತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಪೂರ್ವವದಿತಿ ಕ್ಷತಾನ್ತ್ರೋದರೇ ಯಥಾ ಸಲಿಲಸ್ಯಾಧೋಗಾಮಿತ್ವಾದಧೋ ನಾಭೇರುದರೋತ್ಪತ್ತಿರ್ಯಥಾ ಚ ಗುದಾದಾಸ್ರಾವಸ್ತದ್ವದಿತಿ; ಜೇಜ್ಜಟೇನ ಪುನಃ ‘ಪೂರ್ವವದಿತ್ಯತ್ರಾನ್ಯಾನ್ಯುದರಾಣಿ ಯಥಾ ಭವನ್ತಿ ತಥೇದಮಪಿ’ ಇತಿ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾತಂ, ತನ್ನೇಚ್ಛತಿ ಗಯೀ| ಪರಿವೃತ್ತನಾಭಿ| ಉಚ್ಛಲಿತನಾಭಿ| ದೃತಿಃ ಖಲ್ಲಾ| ಕ್ಷುಭ್ಯತಿ ಚಲತಿ| ಕಮ್ಪತೇ ಚೇತಿ ಕಮ್ಪನಮತಿಶಯೇನ ಚಲನಮ್||೨೧-೨೩||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies dakodara with udakodara and the relevant channels as water-carrying. It states that even without immediately preceding oleation or the other procedures, drinking cold water when the channels are coated with unctuous material may produce the condition. In its preferred explanation, 'as before' refers to the earlier injured-intestine abdominal disorder: fluid descends, swelling develops below the navel, and discharge occurs from the rectum. Jejjata instead takes it to mean that this develops like the other abdominal disorders; Gayi rejects that explanation. Parivrittanabhi is glossed as a protruding navel, driti as a leather bag, and kampate as especially marked movement.

Key terms

udakodara/dakodara: A classical abdominal condition described as containing mobile fluid.
toyavaha srotas: Channels described as carrying water.
snehopalipta: Coated with unctuous material.
parivRuttanAbhi (parivrittanabhi): A displaced or protruding navel according to the commentary.
dRuti (driti): A leather water bag used as a comparison.

Adhikarana ೧೬ (೨೪) · Śloka ೨೪

ಆಧ್ಮಾನಂ ಗಮನೇಽಶಕ್ತಿರ್ದೌರ್ಬಲ್ಯಂ ದುರ್ಬಲಾಗ್ನಿತಾ | ಶೋಫಃ ಸದನಮಙ್ಗಾನಾಂ ಸಙ್ಗೋ ವಾತಪುರೀಷಯೋಃ | ದಾಹಸ್ತೃಷ್ಣಾ ಚ ಸರ್ವೇಷು ಜಠರೇಷು ಭವನ್ತಿ ಹಿ ||೨೪||

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आध्मानं गमनेऽशक्तिर्दौर्बल्यं दुर्बलाग्निता | शोफः सदनमङ्गानां सङ्गो वातपुरीषयोः | दाहस्तृष्णा च सर्वेषु जठरेषु भवन्ति हि ||२४||

Meaning of the śloka

Distension, inability to walk, weakness, weak agni, swelling, exhaustion of the limbs, obstruction of flatus and stool, burning, and thirst are said to occur in all forms of jathara described here.

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ತೇಷಾಮಷ್ಟಾನಾಮಪಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯಂ ಲಿಙ್ಗಂ ದರ್ಶಯನ್ನಾಹ- ಆಧ್ಮಾನಮಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಜೇಜ್ಜಟೇನ ಪುನರೇತೇ ಉಪದ್ರವಾ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾತಾಃ; ತನ್ನೇಚ್ಛತಿ ಗಯೀ||೨೪||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary treats these as common signs of all eight abdominal disorders. Jejjata instead explains them as complications, an interpretation Gayi does not accept.

Key terms

AdhmAna (adhmana): Abdominal distension.
durbalAgni (durbalagni): Weak digestive fire in the classical account.
vAtapurIShasa~gga (vatapurishasanga): Obstruction or retention of flatus and feces.
jaThara (jathara): An abdominal disorder category in this passage.
upadrava: A complication, as Jejjata interprets these features.

Adhikarana ೧೭ (೨೫) · Śloka ೨೫

ಅನ್ತೇ ಸಲಿಲಭಾವಂ ಹಿ ಭಜನ್ತೇ ಜಠರಾಣಿ ತು | ಸರ್ವಾಣ್ಯೇವ ಪರೀಪಾಕಾತ್ತದಾ ತಾನಿ ವಿವರ್ಜಯೇತ್ ||೨೫||

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अन्ते सलिलभावं हि भजन्ते जठराणि तु | सर्वाण्येव परीपाकात्तदा तानि विवर्जयेत् ||२५||

Meaning of the śloka

The text says that, in their final stage, all jathara disorders develop a fluid state through maturation; at that point they should be left aside as unsuitable for curative treatment.

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ಸಾಧ್ಯಾಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಭಾಗಮಾಹ- ಅನ್ತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಪರಿಪಾಕಾತ್ ಪರಿಣಾಮೇನ ದಕೋದರತಾ ಸರ್ವೇಷಾಮೇವ; ಅನ್ಯಾನ್ಯುದರಾಣಿ ಪರಿಪಾಕಾದುದಕಭಾವಂ ಭಜನ್ತೇ, ದಕೋದರಂ ಪ್ರಾಗೇವೇತಿ ವಿಶೇಷಃ||೨೫||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary gives a classical division of prognosis. Through progression, all the other abdominal disorders eventually take on the state of dakodara or fluid accumulation; dakodara differs in having this state from the outset.

Key terms

salilabhAva (salilabhava): A fluid-filled state.
paripAka (paripaka): Maturation or advanced progression of the disorder.
dakodaratA (dakodarata): The state of dakodara, characterized here by fluid accumulation.
vivarjayet: Should leave aside, expressing an unfavorable historical prognosis.

Adhikarana ಪುಷ್ಪಿಕಾ · Śloka ೭

ಇತಿ ಸುಶ್ರುತಸಂಹಿತಾಯಾಂ ನಿದಾನಸ್ಥಾನೇ ಉದರನಿದಾನಂ ನಾಮ ಸಪ್ತಮೋಽಧ್ಯಾಯಃ ||೭||

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इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां निदानस्थाने उदरनिदानं नाम सप्तमोऽध्यायः ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the seventh chapter of the Nidanasthana in the Sushruta Samhita, entitled Udaranidana, the diagnosis of abdominal disorders.

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ಇತಿ ಶ್ರೀಡಲ್ಹ(ಹ್ಲ)ಣವಿರಚಿತಾಯಾಂ ನಿಬನ್ಧಸಙ್ಗ್ರಹಾಖ್ಯಾಯಾಂ ಸುಶ್ರುತವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾಯಾಂ ನಿದಾನಸ್ಥಾನೇ ಸಪ್ತಮೋಽಧ್ಯಾಯಃ||೭||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary colophon states that the seventh chapter of the Nidanasthana is complete in Shri Dalhana's explanation of Sushruta entitled Nibandhasangraha.

Key terms

udaranidAna (Udaranidana): The chapter on causes and diagnostic description of abdominal disorders.
nidAnasthAna (Nidanasthana): The division concerned with causes and diagnostic descriptions.
saptama adhyAya (saptama adhyaya): The seventh chapter.
nibandhasa~ggraha (Nibandhasangraha): The title of Dalhana's commentary.

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