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४३. वमनद्रव्यविकल्पविज्ञानीयाध्यायः

Adhikarana १ (१-२) · Śloka २

अथातो वमनद्रव्यविकल्पविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerning the various preparations and applications of emetic substances, as taught by Bhagavan Dhanvantari.

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अथातो वमनद्रव्येत्यादि| विकल्पाः प्रयोगाः||१-२||

Meaning of the commentary

Here vikalpa means the different modes of application or formulations of substances used for vamana.

Key terms

vamana
Therapeutic emesis in the historical procedure described by the chapter.
vikalpa
A variant preparation or mode of application.

Adhikarana २ (३) · Śloka ३

वमनद्रव्याणां फलादीनां मदनफलानि श्रेष्ठतमानि भवन्ति | अथ मदनपुष्पाणामातपपरिशुष्काणां चूर्णप्रकुञ्जं प्रत्यक्पुष्पासदापुष्पीनिम्बकषायाणामन्यतमेनालोड्य मधुसैन्धवयुक्तां पुष्पचूर्णमात्रां पाययित्वा वामयेत् | मदनशलाटुचूर्णान्येवं वा बकुलरम्यकोपयुक्तानि मधुलवणयुक्तान्यभिप्रतप्तानि; मदनशलाटुचूर्णसिद्धां वा तिलतण्डुलयवागूम् | निर्वृत्तानां वा नातिहरितपाण्डूनां कुशमूढावबद्धमृद्गोमयप्रलिप्तानां यवबु(तु)षमुद्गमाषशाल्यादिधान्यराशावष्टरात्रोषितक्लिन्नभिन्नानां फलानां फलपिप्पलीरुद्धृत्यातपे शोषयेत्, तासां दधिमधुपललविमृदितपरिशुष्काणां सुभाजनस्थानामन्तर्नखमुष्टिमुष्णे यष्टीमधुककषाये कोविदारादीनामन्यतमे वा कषाये प्रमृद्य रात्रिपर्युषितं मधुसैन्धवयुक्तमाशीर्भिरभिमन्त्रितमुदङ्मुखः प्राङ्मुखमातुरं पाययेदनेन मन्त्रेणाभिमन्त्र्य- “ब्रह्मदक्षाश्विरुद्रेन्द्रभूचन्द्रार्कानलानिलाः| ऋषयः सौषधीग्रामा भूतसङ्घाश्च पान्तु ते ||१|| रसायनमिवर्षीणां देवानाममृतं यथा | सुधेवोत्तमनागानां भैषज्यमिदमस्तु ते ||२|| विशेषेण श्लेष्मज्वरप्रतिश्यायान्तर्विद्रधिषु; अप्रवर्तमाने वा दोषे पिप्पलीवचागौरसर्षपकल्कोन्मिश्रैः सलवणैरुष्णाम्बुभिः पुनः पुनः प्रवर्तयेदासम्यग्वान्तलक्षणादिति | मदनफलमज्जचूर्णं वा तत्क्वाथपरिभावितं मदनफलकषायेण; मदनफलमज्जसिद्धस्य वा पयसः सन्तानिकां क्षौद्रयुक्तां , मदनफलमज्जसिद्धं वा पयः, मदनफलमज्जसिद्धेन वा पयसा यवागूम्, अधोभागासृक्पित्तहृद्दाहयोः; मदनफलमज्जसिद्धस्य वा पयसो दधिभावमुपगतस्य दध्युत्तरं दधि वा कफप्रसेकच्छर्दिमूर्च्छातमकेषु; मदनफलमज्जरसं स्नेहं वा भल्लातकस्नेहवदादाय फाणितीभूतं लेहयेत्, आतपपरिशुष्कं वा तमेव जीवन्तीकषायेण, पित्ते कफस्थानगते; मदनफलमज्जक्वाथं वा पिप्पल्यादिप्रतीवापं, तच्चूर्णं वा निम्बरूपिकाकषाययोरन्यतरेण सन्तर्पणकफजव्याधिहरं, मदनफलमज्जचूर्णं वा मधूककाश्मर्यद्राक्षाकषायेण | मदनफलविधानमुक्तम् ||३||

Meaning of the śloka

Among emetic substances beginning with fruits, Madanaphala is regarded as the best. The passage then gives many historical preparations based on its flowers, unripe fruits, mature fruits and seed pulp. Powdered, sun-dried material is combined with specified decoctions, honey and saindhava, or prepared with milk, gruel, curd, cream, phanita-like extract and other media. For mature fruits it describes selection, wrapping and coating, keeping them within grain heaps, removing and drying the seeds, and soaking a measured amount overnight in a chosen decoction before administration with honey and saindhava. A benedictory mantra invoking deities, sages, medicinal plants and beings is recited, comparing the medicine to rasayana, amrita and sudha. The text assigns preparations to particular historical disease categories and describes repeated stimulation when the dosha does not move adequately. It concludes that the method of using Madanaphala has been stated.

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वमनेत्यादि| फलादीनामिति फलं मदनफलम्, आदिग्रहणात् कुटजजीमूतकेक्ष्वाकुधामार्गवकृतवेधनानि गृह्यन्ते| मदनपुष्पाणामिति अत्र पुष्पशब्दः फले वर्तते, कारणे कार्योपचारात्| चूर्णप्रकुञ्चं पुनरस्य मध्यमा मात्रा; प्रकुञ्चः पलं, ‘मुष्टिः’ इत्येके, ‘कराङ्गुलिचतुष्कमूलावधिमितं चूर्णम्’ इत्यपरे| प्रत्यक्पुष्पा अपामार्गः, सदापुष्पी अर्कस्तस्य मूलं, निम्बः प्रसिद्धः; कषायाणां त्रित्वाद्योगत्रयमुक्तम्| पुष्पचूर्णमात्रामिति मात्रा च तन्त्रान्तरे चूर्णशरावः, अत्र च मात्राशब्दो यथायोगवचनोऽभिप्रेतः| अस्याग्रे ‘अक्रूराशयमुपस्थितदोषं मृदुप्रच्छर्दनं’ इति केचित् पठन्ति; तन्न, निबन्धकारैरपठितत्वात्| मदनेत्यादि| शलाटु आमं फलम्| एवमिति एवंशब्दात् प्रत्यक्पुष्पादीनां त्रयः कषाया ज्ञेयाः, तेन योगा अपि त्रयः| रम्यको महानिम्बः| अभिप्रतप्तानि उष्णीकृतानि, ‘पाययित्वा वामयेत्’ इत्यनुवर्तनीयम्| शलाटुचूर्णेषु योगान्तरं निर्दिशन्नाह- मदनेत्यादि| अत्रापि चूर्णस्य प्रकुञ्च एव, तिलतण्डुलयोस्तु यवागूप्रमाणेन मात्राकल्पनं; लेहयित्वा वामयेदिति ज्ञेयं, लेह्यत्वाद्यवाग्वाः| तदेवं शलाटुचूर्णेषु मदनस्य चत्वारो योगाः| मदनफलानां पक्वानां प्रधानं योगं निर्दिशन्नाह- निर्वृत्तानामित्यादि| निर्वृत्तानां निष्पन्नानां नातिहरितपाण्डुत्वेन, परिपाकातिपाण्डुत्वे हि वीर्यातिक्रमः स्यात्| कुशमूढः कुशविरचितः पुटकः| फलपिप्पलीः मदनफलबीजानि| तासामिति तासां फलपिप्पलीनाम्| अन्तर्नखमुष्टिमिति नखानां मध्ये मुष्टिर्न तु परिभाषिका पलाभिधाना, अन्तर्नखमुष्टिं यष्टीमधुककषाये आतुरं पाययेदिति सम्बन्धः| कोविदारेत्यादि| कोविदारादीनां संशोधनसंशमनीयोक्तानामेकादशानामन्यतमस्यैकतमस्य कषाये| एतेनैकादशयोगा उक्ताः| प्रमृद्येति फलपिप्पलीनामन्तर्नखमुष्टिमिति सम्बन्धः| किंविशिष्टमन्तर्नखमुष्टिं? रात्रिपर्युषितं मधुसैन्धवयुक्तं च| आशीर्भिरभिमन्त्रितमिति इष्टाशानिष्पादनमन्त्रोऽप्याशीः, ताभिर्वेदोक्ताभिरभिमन्त्रितमन्तर्नखमुष्टिम्| उदङ्मुख उत्तराभिमुखो वैद्यः, प्राङ्मुखं पूर्वाभिमुखमातुरम्| अभिमन्त्रणमन्त्रमाह- ब्रह्मदक्षेत्यादि| मन्त्रार्थस्त्वदर्शनीयः, आवृत्त्यैव केवलया मन्त्राणां फलदत्वात्| अस्य योगस्य विषयं नियमयन्नाह- विशेषेणेत्यादि| विशेषेण अतिशयेन, श्लेष्मज्वरादिषु ‘देय’ इत्यध्याहारः| अप्रवर्तमानस्य दोषस्य प्रवर्तने हेतुं दर्शयन्नाह- अप्रवर्तमान इत्यादि| दुर्वमनबहुदोषविषययोगमाह- मदनेत्यादि| मदनफलमज्जा मदनफलमध्यस्य स्निग्धो भागः, ‘सकलमेव मदनफलम्’ इत्यन्ये| मदनफलकषायेण ‘पाययेत्’ इत्यध्याहारः| मदनेत्यादि| सन्तानिकामिति लेहयेदिति सम्बन्धः; सन्तानिका क्षीरस्योपरितनः स्त्यानो भागः| मदनफलमज्जसिद्धं वा पयः पाययेदित्यध्याहारः; अत्रापि प्रकुञ्चः| मदनफलपक्वसिद्धेन वा पयसा यवागूं लेहयेदिति सम्बन्धः| पयःसन्तानिकायवागूनां विषयमाह- अधोभवरक्तपित्ते पित्तकृतहृदयदाहे च| मदनेत्यादि| दध्युत्तरं सरं, लेहयेदिति सम्बन्धः| दधि वा ‘पाययेत्’ इत्यध्याहारः| एतद्योगद्वयमुक्तम्| मदनेत्यादि| मदनफलमज्जरसं फाणितीभूतं काकवीभूतं लेहयेदिति सम्बन्धः| भल्लातकस्नेहवदादायेति द्विव्रणीयोक्तेन विधिना| आतपेत्यादि जीवन्तीकषायेण आतपविशुष्कं तमेव मदनफलमज्जरसं ‘पाययेत्’ इति शेषः| जीवन्ती शुष्कयावनालवर्णा लतौषधी पर्ववती| एतयोर्योगयोर्विषयमाह- पित्ते कफस्थानगते इति| मदनफलमज्जक्वाथं वेत्यादि मदनफलमज्जक्वाथं वेत्याद्येको योगः| तच्चूर्णं वा निम्बरूपिकाकषाययोरन्यतरेणेति योगद्वयं; तच्चूर्णं मदनफलमज्जचूर्णं, रूपिका अर्कः| एतेषां त्रयाणां योगानां विषयं नियमयन्नाह- सन्तर्पणेत्यादि| मदनफलमज्जचूर्णं वा मधुककाश्मर्यद्राक्षाकषायेणेत्यादि द्वात्रिंशत्तमं योगं केचित् पठन्ति, तन्नेच्छति गयी| व्याख्यातमेवोपसंहरन्नाह- मदनेत्यादि| एतेनाप्रवर्तनव्यापच्चिकित्सां विहाय मदनफलयोगा एकत्रिंशदुक्ताः||३||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that the class beginning with fruits also includes Kutaja, Jimutaka, Ikshvaku, Dhamargava and Kritavedhana. Although the source says Madana 'flowers,' flower is understood figuratively for fruit. A prakuncha of powder is called the medium quantity; it is variously defined as one pala, a fistful, or powder measured to the base of four fingers. Pratyakpushpa is Apamarga, Sadapushpi is Arka root, and Nimba is the familiar plant; their three decoctions yield three preparations. The quantity called pushpa-curna-matra is interpreted elsewhere as a bowlful of powder, but here matra is meant to vary according to suitability. Some manuscripts insert a description of the recipient and mild emesis, but the commentary rejects it because earlier compilers did not read it. Shalatu means unripe fruit; the same three decoctions apply, Ramyaka means Mahanimba, and abhipratapta means warmed. The gruel preparation retains a prakuncha of powder, while sesame and rice are measured according to the normal gruel quantity. Four preparations from unripe Madana fruit are counted. For the principal ripe-fruit method, the fruits should be mature and pale but not excessively so, because over-ripeness is said to diminish potency. They are enclosed in a kusha packet, coated with fresh cow dung, and kept in grain. Phalapippali means the seeds. Antarnakha-mushti is a handful contained within the fingernails, not the technical pala-sized mushti. It is soaked in Yashtimadhu or one of eleven specified decoctions, producing eleven variants, with honey and saindhava added. The physician faces north and the patient east during the blessing. The commentary says the mantra works through repetition and does not explain its meaning. The preparation is especially assigned to shleshma fever, pratishyaya and internal abscess. If the dosha does not move, the source adds pippali, vaca, gaura-sarshapa paste, salt and hot water. Madanaphala-majja means the oily central pulp, though others understand the entire fruit. Further preparations use its decoction, milk cream, milk, gruel, curd whey or curd and are assigned to specified pitta, bleeding, cardiac-burning, kapha-discharge, vomiting, fainting and tamaka contexts. A thickened extract is prepared by the method used for Bhallataka oil; another is sun-dried with Jivanti, identified as a jointed creeping plant resembling dry barley stalk, for pitta situated in a kapha location. Three further variants use Pippali additions or Nimba and Rupika decoctions for diseases attributed to over-nourishment and kapha. Some read a thirty-second formulation with Madhuka, Kashmarya and Draksha decoction, but Gayi does not accept it. Excluding management of non-action and complications, the commentary counts thirty-one Madanaphala preparations.

Key terms

madanaphala
The fruit presented here as the foremost substance for historical vamana preparations.
praku~jca (prakuncha)
A disputed powder measure, explained as one pala, a fistful, or the amount held to the base of four fingers.
shalATu (shalatu)
An unripe fruit.
phalapippalI (phalapippali)
The seeds of Madanaphala in this passage.
santAnikA (santanika)
The thickened upper layer or cream of milk.
abhimantraNa (abhimantrana)
Ritual recitation of a benedictory mantra over the preparation.

Adhikarana ३ (४) · Śloka ४

जीमूतककुसुमचूर्णं पूर्ववदेव क्षीरेण, निर्वृत्तेषु क्षीरयवागूं, रोमशेषु सन्तानिकां, अरोमशेषु दध्युत्तरं, हरितपाण्डुषु दधि, तत्कषायसंसृष्टां वा सुरां कफारोचककासश्वासपाण्डुरोगयक्ष्मसु; पर्यागतेषु मदनफलमज्जवदुपयोगः ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

Jimutaka flower or fruit powder is used as previously described with milk. According to the fruit's stage, the passage prescribes milk-gruel for newly formed fruits, milk cream for hairy fruits, the upper liquid of curd for fruits without hair, and curd for firm greenish-pale fruits. It also describes sura associated with a Jimutaka decoction for historical kapha, anorexia, cough, breathlessness, pallor and wasting categories. Fully mature fruits are used in the same general way as Madanaphala seed pulp.

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मदनफलस्य पश्चाज्जीमूतकं दर्शयन्नाह- जीमूतकेत्यादि| जीमूतको देवदाली| पूर्ववदेवेति प्रत्यक्पुष्पादिद्रव्यत्रयक्वाथैस्त्रयो योगाः पुष्पचूर्णस्य| अन्ये तु चरके प्रत्यक्पुष्पादियोगा न सन्तीति क्षीरेणैवान्यमेकं योगमिच्छन्ति, पूर्ववदित्यनेन प्रकुञ्चं मधुसैन्धवादियुक्तं चामनन्ति| निर्वृत्तेष्वित्यादि| निर्वृत्तेषु जातमात्रेषु; क्षीरयवागूं जीमूतशलाटुक्वथितक्षीरयवागूम्| रोमशेष्वित्यादि| रोमशेषु कठिनावस्थां प्राप्तेषु; सन्तानिकामिति जीमूतचूर्णक्वथितक्षीरसन्तानिकाम्| अरोमशेष्वित्यादि अरोमशेषु बृहत्तमेषु, चूर्णक्वथितक्षीरस्य दधिभावं गतस्योत्तरं सरकम्| हरितपाण्डुष्वित्यादि हरितपाण्डुषु कठिनतमेषु तच्चूर्णक्वथितक्षीरस्य दधि| तत्कषायसंसृष्टामिति जीमूतककषायकृताम्| तस्यास्तु कल्पनं- जीमूतक्वाथे माषाः साधनीयाः, जीमूतकस्य क्वाथेनैव शालितण्डुलाः प्रक्षालनीयाः, माषाः शालितण्डुलास्ते च सङ्क्षुद्यैकत्र पिण्डाः कार्याः, ताञ् शुष्कचूर्णितान् कृत्वाऽपरशालीतण्डुलचूर्णं पिष्टपाचनिकायां जीमूतकषायोष्मणा सम्यगुत्स्वेद्यावतारयेत्, ततः स्विन्नशीतलस्य तस्य पिष्टस्य त्रयो भागाः, किण्वभागश्चतुर्थः, सन्धानार्थे भार्गीक्वाथः, तत्सर्वं कलशे निधापितं जातरसं सुरा भवति; पैष्टीयं, तेनात्र नास्ति गुडो न वा मधु; अन्ये पुनः ‘अत्रानुक्तोऽपि गुडो दातव्यः’ इत्याहुः| गुडप्रमाणं त्वर्शोनिर्दिष्टाभयारिष्टक्वाथशेषद्रोणे गुडपलशतद्वयं प्रक्षेपविभागपरिभाषारूपेण सर्वत्र| अन्ये तु ‘जीमूतकषायेण सह सुरामेव, न पुनर्जीमूतकषायसाधिताम्’ इति वदन्ति| जीमूतकुसुमचूर्णं वेत्यादीनां योगानां विषयमाह- कफेत्यादि| ‘दद्यात्’ इति शेषः| पर्यागतेषु नातिहरितपाण्डुष्वतिदेशेन योगं निर्दिशन्नाह- पर्यागतेष्वित्यादि| मदनफलमज्जवदितिवत्करणान्मदनपुष्पशलाटुयोगान् वर्जयित्वाऽन्ये ये मदनफलयोगास्ते सर्वे पर्यागतेषु जीमूतकेषु विज्ञेयाः| एतेन पर्यागतजीमूतकयोगाश्चतुर्विंशतिरुक्ताः| ‘पर्यागतेषु परिपक्वेषु’ इत्यन्ये||४||

Meaning of the commentary

Jimutaka is identified as Devadali. 'As before' is interpreted by one view as three flower-powder preparations using the decoctions beginning with Pratyakpushpa. Others, noting that these combinations are absent in Charaka, accept only one preparation with milk; they still take 'as before' to prescribe a prakuncha measure with honey and saindhava. Newly formed fruits are used to prepare milk-gruel. Hairy fruits are those that have reached a hard stage, and their powder is cooked with milk to produce cream. Hairless fruits are the largest stage; powder-cooked milk is allowed to turn to curd and its upper liquid is used. The hardest greenish-pale fruits are used as curd prepared from similarly cooked milk. The commentary gives a detailed fermentation method for sura using Jimutaka decoction, masha, rice, steamed flour, one-quarter kinva and Bhargi decoction. It calls this a grain-based sura without guda or honey, while others say that guda should nevertheless be added and provide a general quantity rule. Another view understands the phrase as merely mixing sura with Jimutaka decoction rather than brewing sura from it. The listed preparations are assigned to the stated kapha-related disease contexts. For fully mature Jimutaka, all the mature Madanaphala preparations apply except those using Madana flowers and unripe fruits; the commentary counts twenty-four such preparations. Some gloss paryagata simply as fully ripe.

Key terms

jImUtaka (jimutaka)
Devadali, used here in several historical emetic preparations.
santAnikA (santanika)
Milk cream or the thickened upper layer of milk.
dadhyuttara
The upper liquid or whey-like portion of curd.
surA (sura)
A fermented preparation whose method and interpretation are debated in the commentary.
paryAgata (paryagata)
A mature fruit stage, glossed by some as fully ripe.

Adhikarana ४ (५) · Śloka ५

तद्वदेव कुटजफलविधानम् ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

The preparations of Kutaja fruit are to be understood in the same way.

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कुटजफलयोगान्निर्दिशन्नाह- तद्वदित्यादि| अत्रापि जीमूतकवच्चतुर्विंशतियोगा ज्ञेयाः||५||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary applies the preceding Jimutaka pattern to Kutaja fruit and counts twenty-four Kutaja preparations.

Key terms

kuTajaphala (kutajaphala)
Kutaja fruit, whose preparations are said to follow the preceding model.
vidhAna (vidhana)
The prescribed method or set of preparations.

Adhikarana ५ (६) · Śloka ६

कृतवेधनानामप्येष एव कल्पः ||६||

Meaning of the śloka

The same method of preparation also applies to kritavedhana.

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कृतवेधनयोगान्निर्दिशन्नाह- कृतवेधनानामित्यादि| अत्रापि कुटजवच्चतुर्विंशतियोगा इत्यर्थः| कृतवेधनं कोशातकी||६||

Meaning of the commentary

Introducing the formulations of kritavedhana, the commentary explains that this passage provides twenty-four preparations, as in the preceding account of kutaja. Kritavedhana is identified as koshataki.

Key terms

kRutavedhana (kritavedhana)
A medicinal substance identified by the commentary as koshataki.
kalpa
The method or set of preparations referred to from the preceding account.
koshAtakI (koshataki)
The identification supplied for kritavedhana.

Adhikarana ६ (७) · Śloka ७

इक्ष्वाकुकुसुमचूर्णं वा पूर्ववत् , एवं क्षीरेण, कासश्वासच्छर्दिकफरोगेषूपयोगः ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

Powder of ikshvaku flowers may be used as described previously, and likewise with milk. The text assigns its use in kasa, shvasa, chhardi and disorders of kapha.

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इक्ष्वाकुयोगान्निर्दिशन्नाह- इक्ष्वाक्वित्यादि| इक्ष्वाकुः कटुकालाबूः| एवं क्षीरेण तथा पूर्ववन्मदनफलवत्; न पुनः कुटजवत् कृतवेधनवच्च, तयोः पुष्पशलाटुवर्जनात्| इति मदनफलवदेकत्रिंशत्, तथा पूर्वग्रहणेन सुरा गृह्यते, एतेनेक्ष्वाकुयोगास्त्रयस्त्रिंशदुक्ताः||७||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies ikshvaku as katuka-alabu. ‘With milk’ and ‘as previously’ refer to the methods given for madanaphala, rather than those for kutaja or kritavedhana, because the latter two omit preparations using flowers and immature fruits. On this reckoning there are thirty-one preparations corresponding to madanaphala. The word ‘previously’ also includes sura, bringing the stated total to thirty-three ikshvaku preparations.

Key terms

ikShvAku (ikshvaku)
The medicinal plant identified by the commentary as katuka-alabu.
kusumacUrNa (kusuma-churna)
Powder prepared from the flowers.
kShIra (kshira)
Milk, named as a medium in the formulation.
surA (sura)
A fermented preparation understood by the commentary to be included through the cross-reference.

Adhikarana ७ (८) · Śloka ८

धामार्गवस्यापि मदनफलमज्जवदुपयोगः; विशेषतस्तु गरगुल्मोदरकासश्वासश्लेष्मामयेषु वायौ च कफस्थानगते ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

Dhamargava is likewise used in the manner described for the pith of madanaphala. It is especially indicated in the source for gara, gulma, udara, kasa, shvasa, disorders of shleshma, and when vayu has entered a site of kapha.

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धामार्गवयोगान्निर्दिशन्नाह- धामार्गवस्येत्यादि| एतेन धामार्गवस्य चतुर्विंशतियोगाः| अपिशब्दात् पुष्पशलाटुक्षीरसुरायोगाश्च| वमनद्रव्येषु सर्वेषामेवातिदेशयोगानां मदनफलतुल्यकल्पानां मदनफलयोगविषय एव विषयो नापूर्वः||८||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that this cross-reference yields twenty-four preparations of dhamargava. The particle api additionally includes preparations involving flowers, immature fruits, milk and sura. It then sets a general limit on such transferred instructions: for all emetic substances, preparations said to be like those of madanaphala apply only within the same range of uses already stated for madanaphala and do not establish a new range of indications.

Key terms

dhAmArgava (dhamargava)
The emetic substance whose preparations are cross-referenced to madanaphala.
madanaphalamajja (madanaphala-majja)
The pith of madanaphala, whose method of use is applied here by reference.
atidesha
Extension of an earlier preparation rule to another substance.
kaphasthAnagata vAyu (kapha-sthana-gata vayu)
Vayu described as having entered a location associated with kapha.

Adhikarana ८ (९) · Śloka ९

कृतवेधनफलपिप्पलीनां वमनद्रव्यकषायपरिपीतानां बहुशश्चूर्णमुत्पलादिषु दत्तमाघ्रातं वामयति, तत्त्वनवबद्धदोषेषु यवागूमाकण्ठात्पीतवत्सु च विदध्यात् | वमनविरेचनशिरोविरोचनद्रव्याण्येवं वा प्रधानतमानि भवन्ति ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

Powder made from the fruit-pippali portions of krtavedhana, repeatedly impregnated with a decoction of emetic substances and placed among utpala and related flowers, is said to induce vomiting when inhaled. This procedure is prescribed for persons whose doshas are not fixed and who have drunk yavagu up to the throat. In the same way, substances used for emesis, purgation and cleansing of the head become especially potent.

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कृतवेधनेत्यादि| कृतवेधनग्रहणं समस्तजीमूतकभेदज्ञापकम्| परिपीतानामिति भावितानाम्| उत्पलादिष्विति आदिग्रहणाद्रक्तोत्पलकुमुदपुण्डरीकसौगन्धिकानि गृह्यन्ते| तस्य प्रयोगविशेषस्य विषयं दर्शयन्नाह- तत्त्वित्यादि| तत्तु प्रागुक्तं चूर्णं विदध्यादिति सम्बन्धः| केषु? अनवबद्धदोषेषु अत्युत्क्लिष्टदोषेषु पुरुषेष्वित्यर्थः| पुनरपि किंविशिष्टेषु? यवागूमाकण्ठात् पीतवत्सु च| ‘तदनवबद्धदोषेषु’ इति केचित् पठन्ति| भावनायाः फलातिशयं दर्शयन्नाह- वमनेत्यादि| एवमिति तद्द्रव्यस्वरसैर्बहुशो भावितानि||९||

Meaning of the commentary

Mention of krtavedhana is intended to include all varieties of jimutaka. 'Having drunk' means that the material has been repeatedly impregnated or processed with the decoction. Utpala and related flowers include red utpala, kumuda, pundarika and saugandhika. The previously described powder is the substance to be administered in this particular situation. Anavabaddhadosha is explained as a state in which the doshas are greatly excited or ready to be expelled, and the person has also drunk yavagu until full to the throat. Some read the phrase as 'tadanavabaddhadosheshu.' The final statement explains the enhanced effect of bhavana: the emetic, purgative or head-cleansing substances are repeatedly processed with the fresh juice of the corresponding substances.

Key terms

kRutavedhana (krtavedhana)
The named emetic substance whose mention is said to include all varieties of jimutaka.
anavabaddhadoSha (anavabaddhadosha)
Doshas interpreted by the commentary as greatly excited and ready for expulsion rather than firmly fixed.
yavAgU (yavagu)
A liquid gruel that the passage says is drunk to fullness before the procedure.
bhAvanA (bhavana)
Repeated impregnation or processing of a substance with a specified liquid or fresh juice.

Adhikarana ९ (१०-११) · Śloka ११

भवतश्चात्र- वमनद्रव्ययोगाणां दिगियं सम्प्रकीर्तिता | तान् विभज्य यथाव्याधि कालशक्तिविनिश्चयात् ||१०|| कषायैः स्वरसैः कल्कैश्चूर्णैरपि च बुद्धिमान् | पेयलेह्याद्यभोज्येषु वमनान्युपकल्पयेत् ||११||

Meaning of the śloka

This provides an indication of the possible formulations of emetic substances. A discerning person should distinguish among them according to the disease and after determining the proper time and the person's strength. Using decoctions, fresh juices, pastes or powders, emetic preparations may be incorporated into drinks, lickable preparations and other foods.

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वमनद्रव्येत्यादि| दिगियं सम्प्रकीर्तितेति इयं दिक् सम्प्रकीर्तिता कथितेत्यर्थः| तान् वान्तिद्रव्यविकल्पान्, विभज्य पृथक्कृत्य, यथाव्याधि ‘वमनान्युपकल्पयेत्’ इत्यग्रेतनेन सम्बन्धः| कस्मात्? कालशक्तिविनिश्चयात्| केषु वमनान्युपकल्पयेदित्याह- पेयलेह्याद्यभोज्येषु| कैः कृत्वा? कषायैरित्यादिभिः| कषायैः शृतशीतफाण्टभेदात्त्रिविधैः, स्वरसैः यन्त्रादिपीडितार्द्रद्रव्योत्थैः, कल्कैर्दृषदि पिष्टैः, चूर्णैः शुष्कपेषणाणूकृतावयवैः| अपिशब्दाद्वमनद्रव्यपक्वैः स्नेहैरित्यनुक्तं समुच्चीयते| भोज्यग्रहणान्मोदकोत्कारिकाशष्कुलीप्रभृतीनां ग्रहणम्||१०-११||

Meaning of the commentary

The passage gives a guiding indication rather than an exhaustive list. The different options for emetic substances are to be separated and selected in relation to the disease, with the decision based upon time and strength. The vehicles named are drinks, lickable preparations and other edible forms. Decoction is explained in three forms: boiled decoction, cold infusion and phanta. Fresh juice is obtained by pressing moist material with a device or similar means; paste is ground on a stone; and powder consists of dried material ground into minute particles. The word 'also' adds unexpressed preparations of fats cooked with emetic substances. The broad mention of foods includes modaka, utkarika, shashkuli and related preparations.

Key terms

vamanadravyayoga
A formulation or mode of combining substances used historically for emesis.
kAlashaktivinishcaya (kalashaktivinishcaya)
Determination of the appropriate time and the person's strength.
kaShAya (kashaya)
A liquid preparation explained here as boiled decoction, cold infusion or phanta.
svarasa
Fresh juice obtained by pressing moist plant material.
kalka
A paste prepared by grinding material on a stone.

Adhikarana पुष्पिका · Śloka ४३

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने वमनद्रव्यविकल्पविज्ञानीयो नाम त्रिचत्वारिंशत्तमोऽध्यायः ||४३||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the forty-third chapter, called Vamanadravyavikalpavijnaniya, in the Sutrasthana of the Sushruta Samhita.

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इति श्रीडल्ह(ह्ल)णविरचितायां निबन्धसङ्ग्रहाख्यायां सुश्रुतव्याख्यायां सूत्रस्थाने त्रिचत्वारिंशत्तमोऽध्यायः||४३||

Meaning of the commentary

Thus ends the forty-third chapter of the Sutrasthana in Shri Dalhana's commentary on Sushruta entitled Nibandhasangraha.