५. कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयाध्यायः

Devanagari IAST (Roman)Telugu Tamil Malayalam Kannada Gujarati Bengali Gurmukhi

Adhikarana १ (१-२) · Śloka २

अथातः कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerning knowledge of diseases situated in the dark region of the eye (Kṛṣṇagatarogavijñānīya), as taught by the revered Dhanvantari.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

शुक्लगतरोगविज्ञानीयानन्तरं प्रत्यासत्त्या कृष्णमण्डलगता रोगाः प्रतिपाद्या इत्यात आह- अथात इत्यादि||१-२||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the chapter sequence: after describing diseases situated in the white region of the eye, the text next discusses diseases of the kṛṣṇamaṇḍala, the adjacent dark region.

Key terms

कृष्णगत रोग (kṛṣṇagata roga): Diseases described as situated in the dark region of the eye.
कृष्णमण्डल (kṛṣṇamaṇḍala): The dark ocular region discussed in this chapter.
प्रत्यासत्ति (pratyāsatti): Adjacency or close relationship, given as the reason for the chapter sequence.
धन्वन्तरि (Dhanvantari): The revered authority to whom the teaching is attributed.

Adhikarana २ (३) · Śloka ३

यत् सव्रणं शुक्र(क्ल)मथाव्रणं वा पाकात्ययश्चाप्यजका तथैव | चत्वार एतेऽभिहिता विकाराः कृष्णाश्रयाः सङ्ग्रहतः पुरस्तात् ||३||

Meaning of the śloka

The four disorders previously summarized as affecting the dark region are Savraṇa Śukla, Avraṇa Śukla, Pākātyaya, and Ajakā.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

तानेव कृष्णगतरोगान्नामभिः प्राह- यदित्यादि| सङ्ख्येयनिर्देशादेव चतुःसङ्ख्यायां लब्धायां चतुःसङ्ख्याकरणं तन्त्रान्तरोद्दिष्टातिरिक्तसङ्ख्यानिरासार्थम्| सङ्ग्रहतः सम्यगुपादानतः||३||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that this verse names the diseases of the dark ocular region. Although listing the names already establishes that there are four, the explicit number four is included to exclude additional disorders enumerated in other treatises. Saṅgrahataḥ is explained as presenting them through proper or complete inclusion.

Key terms

सव्रण शुक्ल (savraṇa śukla): The named form of śukla associated with a wound or ulceration.
अव्रण शुक्ल (avraṇa śukla): The named form of śukla without a wound or ulceration.
पाकात्यय (pākātyaya): One of the four classical disorders said to affect the dark ocular region.
अजका (ajakā): One of the four named disorders of the dark ocular region.
सङ्ग्रहतः (saṅgrahataḥ): In summary or by complete inclusion, as glossed by the commentary.

Adhikarana ३ (४) · Śloka ४

निमग्नरूपं हि भवेत्तु कृष्णे सूच्येव विद्धं प्रतिभाति यद्वै | स्रावं स्रवेदुष्णमतीव रुक् च तत् सव्रणं शुक्र(क्ल)मुदाहरन्ति ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

A lesion in the dark region that appears sunken or embedded, looks as though it has been pierced by a needle, produces a distinctly warm discharge, and causes very severe pain is called Savraṇa Śukla.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

तानेव लक्षणैर्निर्दिशन्नाह- निमग्नेत्यादि| निमग्नरूपम् अन्तःप्रविष्टरूपम्, ईषद्दृश्यरूपमित्यर्थः| सूच्येव विद्धमित्यनेन वर्तुलत्वं दर्शितं, रक्तस्याग्नेयत्वादुष्णाश्रुता अत्यर्थं च पीडा भवति| अव्रणशुक्ले मन्दरुगश्रुता वक्ष्यते, तस्मादस्मिन् सक्षते शुक्रे क्षतयोगान्नेत्रस्य सुकुमारत्वाच्चातीव वेदना युक्ता| अत्र विदेहः- “रक्तराजीनिभं कृष्णे विद्रुमाभं प्रलक्ष्यते| सूच्यग्रेणैव तच्छुक्रमुष्णाश्रुस्रावि सव्रणम्”- इति| सव्रणं सक्षतमित्यर्थः| रक्तजमिदमसाध्यं च||४||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains nimagnarūpa as appearing to have entered inward and therefore being only slightly visible. The comparison with a needle puncture indicates a circular form. It attributes the warm tears or discharge and intense pain to rakta and explains that, unlike Avraṇa Śukla, which will be described as having mild pain and tearing, this wounded form causes extreme pain because injury is present in the delicate eye. Videha is quoted as describing a coral-like lesion in the dark region, resembling red streaks and a needle-tip puncture, with warm tearing. Savraṇa is glossed as 'with injury.' The commentary classifies it as raktaja and considers it incurable within its historical prognostic system.

Key terms

निमग्नरूप (nimagnarūpa): Appearing sunken or entered inward and consequently only slightly visible.
सूच्येव विद्ध (sūcyeva viddha): Appearing pierced by a needle; interpreted as indicating a circular lesion.
उष्णस्राव (uṣṇasrāva): A discharge or flow experienced as warm.
सव्रण शुक्ल (savraṇa śukla): The classical name for the injured or ulcerated form described here.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta.

Adhikarana ४ (५) · Śloka ५

दृष्टेः समीपे न भवेत्तु यच्च न चावगाढं न च संस्रवेद्धि | अवेदनावन्न च युग्मशुक्रं तत्सिद्धिमाप्नोति कदाचिदेव ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

When the lesion is not close to dṛṣṭi, is not deeply seated, does not discharge excessively, has little pain, and is not a paired or double Śukla, it may occasionally be successfully treated.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

इदानीं तस्यैवावस्थाद्वारेण कादाचिक्तं साध्यत्वं दर्शयन्नाह- दृष्टेरित्यादि| संस्रवेद्धीत्यत्र संशब्दोऽतिशयार्थः| अवेदनावत् मन्दवेदनम्||५||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that this verse identifies circumstances in which that same disorder may sometimes be considered treatable. In saṃsravet, the prefix sam conveys excess or intensity, and avedanāvat is explained as having mild pain rather than being entirely painless.

Key terms

दृष्टेः समीपे (dṛṣṭeḥ samīpe): Near dṛṣṭi, a prognostically important ocular location whose precise anatomical scope requires contextual review.
अवगाढ (avagāḍha): Deeply entered or deeply seated.
संस्रवेत् (saṃsravet): To discharge profusely; the commentary reads the prefix sam as intensifying the flow.
अवेदनावत् (avedanāvat): Explained by the commentary as having mild pain.
युग्मशुक्ल (yugmaśukla): A paired or double form of Śukla; its precise clinical sense is not clarified in the supplied commentary.

Adhikarana ५ (६-७) · Śloka ७

विच्छिन्नमध्यं पिशितावृतं वा चलं सिरासक्तमदृष्टिकृच्च | द्वित्वग्गतं लोहितमन्ततश्च चिरोत्थितं चापि विवर्जनीयम् ||६|| उष्णाश्रुपातः पिडका च कृष्णे यस्मिन् भवेन्मुद्गनिभं च शुक्रम् | तदप्यसाध्यं प्रवदन्ति केचिदन्यच्च यत्तित्तिरिपक्षतुल्यम् ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

A Śukra lesion should be avoided as unsuitable for treatment when its centre appears broken or hollow, when it is surrounded by fleshy tissue, when it seems mobile and attached to vessels, when it obstructs vision, when it has entered two layers, when its margins are red, or when it has persisted for a long time. A Śukra lesion associated with hot tears and a papule in the dark region, and resembling a mudga seed, is also declared incurable by some authorities; some likewise include a lesion resembling a partridge's wing.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

तस्यैव कदाचित्साध्यस्य लक्षणं प्रतिपाद्यासाध्यस्य लक्षणं प्रतिपादयन्नाह- विच्छिन्नेत्यादि| विच्छिन्नमध्यमिति विदीर्णमांसत्वान्मध्ये सच्छिद्रमिव| पक्षान्तरमाह- पिशितावृतं वेति, आच्छिन्नमध्यमेवोन्नतमांसेन वेष्टितं वा| चलं सिरासक्तमिति यतः सिरासक्तमत एव चलं, सिरा हि स्वभावत एव चलाः; तदाश्रितं शुक्रमपि चलमेव; अन्ये तु चलं चलदिव न तु साक्षाच्चलमेव| अदृष्टिकृत् दर्शनरोधकृत्| द्वित्वाग्गतं द्विपटलाश्रितम्| लोहितमन्ततश्चेति प्रान्तेषु लोहितमित्यर्थः| इदानीं द्विपटलाश्रितस्य लक्षणं दर्शयन्नाह- उष्णेत्यादि| कस्मिंश्चित् पुस्तके ‘पिडका च पीता’ इति पाठः, स न सङ्गच्छते | तथा च विदेहः- “चोषोष्णस्रावदाहास्तु कृष्णे च पिडिकोद्गमः| व्यक्तमुद्गफलाकारं शुक्रं द्वित्वग्गतं भवेत्” इति| एकीयमतमाह- तदित्यादि| यच्चान्यच्छुक्रं तित्तिरिपक्षतुल्यं तदप्यसाध्यं केचिद्वदन्तीति सम्बन्धः| एतत् परमतमप्यप्रतिषिद्धत्वादनुमतमेव||६-७||

Meaning of the commentary

Having described the occasionally treatable state, the commentary explains the signs of the untreatable state. Vicchinnamadhya means that torn tissue makes the centre look as though it has a hole; alternatively, the broken central area may be encircled by raised flesh. The lesion is called mobile because it is attached to vessels, which are naturally mobile, although other interpreters take this only to mean that it appears to move. Adṛṣṭikṛt means that it obstructs sight, dvitvaggata means that it occupies two layers, and lohitam antataḥ means red at the edges. The next verse describes the two-layer lesion through hot lacrimation, a papule in the dark region, and a Śukra lesion shaped like a mudga seed. One manuscript reads 'a yellow papule,' but the commentator rejects that reading as unsuitable. A quotation from Videha describes irritation, hot discharge, burning, emergence of a papule in the dark region, and a clearly mudga-shaped Śukra lesion as signs of involvement of two layers. Some authorities also regard a Śukra lesion resembling a partridge's wing as incurable; because this opinion is not contradicted, the commentator accepts it.

Key terms

विच्छिन्नमध्य (vicchinnamadhya): Having a broken or apparently hollow centre.
सिरासक्त (sirāsakta): Attached to vessels, offered as the reason for apparent mobility.
अदृष्टिकृत् (adṛṣṭikṛt): Obstructing vision.
द्वित्वग्गत (dvitvaggata): Situated in or involving two layers according to the commentary.
मुद्गनिभ (mudganibha): Resembling a mudga seed in form.
तित्तिरिपक्षतुल्य (tittiripakṣatulya): Compared in appearance to a partridge's wing.

Adhikarana ६ (८) · Śloka ८

सितं यदा भात्यसितप्रदेशे स्यन्दात्मकं नातिरुगश्रुयुक्तम् | विहायसीवाच्छघनानुकारि तदव्रणं साध्यतमं वदन्ति ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

When a white lesion appears in the dark region of the eye, has a flowing or exudative character, is not accompanied by excessive pain or lacrimation, and resembles a thin, clear patch of cloud in the sky, it is called Avraṇa Śukra and is said to be highly treatable within the text's system.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

इदानीं सव्रणं शुक्रं प्रतिपाद्याव्रणं प्रतिपादयन्नाह- सितमित्यादि| स्यन्दात्मकम् अभिष्यन्दकारणं विहायसीव आकाश इव, अच्छघनानुकारि प्रतनुमेघखण्डानुकारीत्यर्थः| रक्तजमिदं साध्यं च||८||

Meaning of the commentary

After discussing Savraṇa Śukra, the commentary introduces Avraṇa Śukra. It explains syandātmaka as a cause of abhiṣyanda and interprets the comparison with the sky as resemblance to a thin fragment of clear cloud. The condition is classified as raktaja and treatable within the text's historical framework.

Key terms

असितप्रदेश (asita-pradeśa): The dark region of the eye in which the white lesion is seen.
स्यन्दात्मक (syandātmaka): Having a flowing or exudative character; explained as causing abhiṣyanda.
अच्छघनानुकारि (acchaghanānukāri): Resembling a thin fragment of clear cloud.
अव्रण शुक्र (avraṇa śukra): The classical name for the non-ulcerative Śukra lesion described here.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta.

Adhikarana ७ (९) · Śloka ९

गम्भीरजातं बहलं च शुक्रं चिरोत्थितं चापि वदन्ति कृच्छ्रम् |९|

Meaning of the śloka

A Śukra lesion that arises deeply, is thick, or has persisted for a long time is said to be difficult to treat.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

अस्यैवाव्रणस्य शुक्रस्यावस्थाभेदेन कृच्छ्रतां दर्शयन्नाह- गम्भीरेत्यादि| एवम्भूतमव्रणमपि शुक्रं कृच्छ्रं वदन्तीति सम्बन्धः| गम्भीरजातं द्विपटलाश्रितमित्यर्थः| जेज्जटाचार्यस्तु सव्रणाव्रणशुक्रस्य लक्षणं साध्यासाध्यत्वं च विपरीतक्रमेण पठति, मया तु पञ्जिकाकाराभिप्रायेणानेनैव क्रमेण पठितम्|९|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary presents these as variations in the state of the same Avraṇa Śukra that make it difficult to treat. It explains gambhīrajāta as occupying two layers. Ācārya Jejjaṭa reads the descriptions and the treatable-versus-untreatable prognosis of Savraṇa and Avraṇa Śukra in the reverse order, whereas this commentator follows the order preferred by the authors of the pañjikā commentaries. The disagreement concerns textual sequence and must be preserved.

Key terms

गम्भीरजात (gambhīrajāta): Arising deeply; glossed as occupying two layers.
बहल (bahala): Thick or dense in this description of Śukra.
चिरोत्थित (cirotthita): Long-standing or present for a prolonged period.
कृच्छ्र (kṛcchra): Difficult to treat within the text's prognostic classification.
अव्रण शुक्र (avraṇa śukra): The non-ulcerative Śukra lesion to which the commentary applies these features.

Adhikarana ८ (९) · Śloka १०

सञ्च्छाद्यते श्वेतनिभेन सर्वं दोषेण यस्यासितमण्डलं तु ||९|| तमक्षिपाकात्ययमक्षिकोपसमुत्थितं तीव्ररुजं वदन्ति |१०|

Meaning of the śloka

When the entire dark region of the eye becomes covered by a whitish-looking disorder, accompanied by intense pain and arising from an aggravated condition of the eye, it is called Akṣipākātyaya.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

इदानीं पाकात्ययमाह- सञ्च्छाद्यत इत्यादि| अक्षिकोपात् समुत्थितं स्यन्दादुत्पन्नमित्यर्थः| एष त्रिदोषजोऽसाध्यश्च||९||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary introduces Akṣipākātyaya and explains that ‘arising from disturbance of the eye’ means developing from syanda. It classifies the disorder as tridoṣaja and regards it as incurable within the text’s historical system.

Key terms

असितमण्डल (asita-maṇḍala): The dark region or circular dark area of the eye described in the passage.
श्वेतनिभ (śveta-nibha): Having a whitish appearance.
अक्षिपाकात्यय (akṣipākātyaya): The classical name for the intensely painful eye disorder described here.
स्यन्द (syanda): The antecedent eye disorder from which the commentary says this condition develops.
त्रिदोषज (tridoṣaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ९ (१०) · Śloka १०

अजापुरीषप्रतिमो रुजावान् सलोहितो लोहितपिच्छिलाश्रुः | विदार्य कृष्णं प्रचयोऽभ्युपैति तं चाजकाजातमिति व्यवस्येत् ||१०||

Meaning of the śloka

A painful accumulation resembling goat droppings, somewhat red and accompanied by red, sticky tears, which breaks through the dark region of the eye and enlarges, should be identified as Ajakājāta.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

अजेत्यादि| अजापुरीषप्रतिम इति विशुष्कच्छगलीपुरीषतुल्यः| सलोहित ईषल्लोहितः| लोहितपिच्छिलाश्रुरिति लोहितं पिच्छिलं चाश्रु यस्य सः| प्रचयः सामर्थ्यान्मेदसः| एष श्लेष्मजोऽसाध्यश्च||१०||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the comparison as resembling dried goat droppings. Salohita means slightly red, while lohita-picchila-aśru describes tears that are both red and sticky. It infers that the accumulating substance is medas. The condition is classified as śleṣmaja and regarded as incurable within the text’s historical system.

Key terms

अजापुरीषप्रतिम (ajā-purīṣa-pratima): Resembling dried goat droppings in appearance.
लोहितपिच्छिलाश्रु (lohita-picchila-aśru): Having tears described as red and sticky.
कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa): The dark region of the eye that the accumulation is said to break through.
प्रचय (pracaya): An accumulation or enlarging mass; inferred by the commentary to consist of medas.
अजकाजात (ajakājāta): The classical name assigned to the disorder described in this passage.
श्लेष्मज (śleṣmaja): Attributed by the commentary to śleṣman or kapha.

Adhikarana पुष्पिका · Śloka ५

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the fifth chapter of the Uttaratantra in the Suśruta Saṃhitā, entitled ‘Knowledge of Disorders Situated in the Dark Region of the Eye’ (Kṛṣṇagatarogavijñānīya).

🔊 Audio coming soon

Hide commentary

इति श्रीडल्ह(ह्ल)णविरचितायां निबन्धसङ्ग्रहाख्यायां सुश्रुतव्याख्यायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे पञ्चमोऽध्यायः||५||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary colophon states that the fifth chapter of the Śālākyatantra section within the Uttaratantra is complete in the Nibandhasaṅgraha, the commentary on Suśruta composed by Śrī Dalhaṇa. The supplied form ‘Dalha(hla)ṇa’ preserves an editorial variation in the commentator’s name.

Key terms

कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीय (kṛṣṇagata-roga-vijñānīya): The chapter title, concerning knowledge of disorders situated in the eye’s dark region.
उत्तरतन्त्र (uttaratantra): The division of the Suśruta Saṃhitā containing this chapter.
शालाक्यतन्त्र (śālākyatantra): The specialty section identified in the commentary colophon.
निबन्धसङ्ग्रह (nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa’s commentary on the Suśruta Saṃhitā.

← 4. śuklagatarōgavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ 6. sarvagatarōgavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ →