४. शुक्लगतरोगविज्ञानीयाध्यायः

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Adhikarana १ (१-२) · Śloka २

अथातः शुक्लगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now the chapter concerning knowledge of diseases affecting the white region of the eye will be explained, as taught by the venerable Dhanvantari.

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वर्त्मगतरोगविज्ञानीयानन्तरं वर्त्ममण्डलाच्छुक्लमण्डलस्यानन्तर्यात्तद्गतरोगविज्ञानीयारम्भो युक्त इत्यत आह- अथात इत्यादि||१-२||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the sequence of the chapter: after describing diseases of the eyelids, it is appropriate to begin the diseases of the white region because the white ocular region follows the eyelid region. It therefore introduces the chapter with the customary opening words.

Key terms

शुक्लगत रोग (śuklagata roga): Diseases situated in the white region of the eye.
वर्त्ममण्डल (vartma-maṇḍala): The region of the eyelids, discussed in the preceding chapter.
शुक्लमण्डल (śukla-maṇḍala): The white ocular region that is the subject of this chapter.
धन्वन्तरि (Dhanvantari): The authoritative teacher to whom the instruction is attributed.

Adhikarana २ (३) · Śloka ४

प्रस्तारिशुक्लक्षतजाधिमांसस्नाय्वर्मसञ्ज्ञाः खलु पञ्च रोगाः | स्युः शुक्तिका चार्जुनपिष्टकौ च जालं सिराणां पिडकाश्च याः स्युः ||३|| रोगा बलासग्रथितेन सार्धमेकादशाक्ष्णोः खलु शुक्लभागे |४|

Meaning of the śloka

Eleven disorders are said to occur in the white part of the eye: the five forms named Prastāri-arma, Śukla-arma, Kṣataja-arma, Adhimāṃsa-arma, and Snāyu-arma; Śuktikā, Arjuna, and Piṣṭaka; Sirājāla and Sirāpiḍakā; and Balāsagrathita.

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तानेव रोगान्नामभिराह- प्रस्तारीत्यादि| अर्मशब्दः प्रस्तार्यादिभिः पञ्चभिः सह सम्बध्यते| जालं सिराणामिति सिराशब्दो जालपिडकाभ्यां सम्बध्यते; तेन सिराजालं, सिरापिडकाश्चेत्यर्थः||३||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains how the compound list is to be read. The word arma is joined with each of the first five names beginning with Prastāri. In the expression concerning the vessels, sirā is joined with both jāla and piḍakā, yielding Sirājāla and Sirāpiḍakā. Together with Balāsagrathita these make the eleven named disorders of the white ocular region. The supplied source breaks off after the marker for verse 3 and carries a fragmentary verse-number marker, so the numbering should be checked against the edition.

Key terms

अर्म (arma): A shared classical disease-name element applied to the first five disorders in this list.
शुक्तिका (śuktikā): One of the named disorders of the white ocular region.
सिराजाल (sirājāla): A named condition formed by joining sirā, vessel, with jāla, network.
सिरापिडका (sirāpiḍakā): A named condition formed by joining sirā, vessel, with piḍakā, small swelling or eruption.
बलासग्रथित (balāsagrathita): The final named disorder counted in the group of eleven.

Adhikarana ३ (४) · Śloka ४

प्रस्तारि प्रथितमिहार्म शुक्लभागे विस्तीर्णं तनु रुधिरप्रभं सनीलम् ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

Prastāri-arma in the white region of the eye is spread broadly, thin or sparse, blood-colored, and accompanied by a slight bluish hue.

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प्रस्तारीत्यादि| प्रथितं प्रख्यातं, विस्तीर्णं विततं, तनु विरलं, रुधिरप्रभं रक्तनिभं, सनीलम् ईषन्नीलम्, एतेनेषन्नीललोहितमित्यर्थः| जेज्जटाचार्यस्तु विदेहोक्तं प्रस्तार्यर्मलक्षणं दृष्ट्वा सनीलमित्यत्र वाशब्दो लुप्तो द्रष्टव्यः, तेन रक्तमीषन्नीलं वेत्यर्थ इति प्रतिपादयति| तथा च विदेहवाक्यं- “समन्ताद्विस्तृतः श्यावो रक्तो वा मांससञ्चयः| सन्निपातेन दोषाणां प्रस्तार्यर्म तदुच्यते”- इति| त्रिदोषजमिदं साध्यं च||४||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary glosses prathita as well known or manifest, vistīrṇa as widely spread, tanu as sparse or thin, rudhiraprabha as resembling blood, and sanīla as slightly blue; together the color is understood as slightly bluish-red. Jejjaṭācārya offers another reading based on Videha's description: he considers a missing vā, ‘or,’ after sanīla, so the lesion would be red or slightly blue. The cited Videha verse describes a mass of tissue spreading all around, dark or red, and calls it Prastāri-arma arising from the combined doṣas. The commentary classifies it as tridoṣaja and treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

प्रस्तार्यर्म (prastāri-arma): The classical ocular disorder described here as a broadly spreading formation in the white region.
विस्तीर्ण (vistīrṇa): Extended or spread over a broad area.
तनु (tanu): Thin or sparse in this description.
रुधिरप्रभ (rudhira-prabha): Having an appearance resembling blood.
सनील (sanīla): Slightly bluish; Jejjaṭa's interpretation preserves an alternative red-or-bluish reading.
त्रिदोषज (tridoṣaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ४ (५) · Śloka ५

शुक्लाख्यं मृदु कथयन्ति शुक्लभागे सश्वेतं सममिह वर्धते चिरेण |५|

Meaning of the śloka

The condition called Śukla-arma is described as soft, somewhat white, even or level, situated in the white region of the eye, and enlarging slowly over time.

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शुक्लाख्यमित्यादि| शुक्लाख्यं शुक्लनामार्म| मृदु कोमलं, सश्वेतं किञ्चिच्छ्वेतं; श्लेष्मजमिदं साध्यं च|५|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies Śukla as the name of this arma, explains mṛdu as soft and saśveta as somewhat white, and classifies the condition as śleṣmaja and treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

शुक्लार्म (śukla-arma): The classical name for the soft, pale, slowly enlarging ocular formation described here.
मृदु (mṛdu): Soft in consistency.
सश्वेत (saśveta): Somewhat or slightly white.
सम (sama): Even or level in the passage's description.
श्लेष्मज (śleṣmaja): Attributed by the commentary to śleṣman or kapha.

Adhikarana ५ (५) · Śloka ५

यन्मांसं प्रचयमुपैति शुक्लभागे पद्माभं तदुपदिशन्ति लोहितार्म ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

A fleshy growth that increases in the white region of the eye and has the hue of a reddish lotus is called Lohitārma.

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यदित्यादि| प्रचयं वृद्धिम्, उपैति गच्छति, पद्माभम् अरुणपद्मप्रभं, लोहितार्म शोणितार्मेत्यार्थः| एतद्रक्तजं साध्यं च||५||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains pracaya as increase or accumulation and upaiti as attains or undergoes. Padmābha means having the color of a reddish lotus. Lohitārma is interpreted as Śoṇitārma, an arma associated with blood. It is classified as raktaja and treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

मांस (māṃsa): Fleshy tissue or a fleshy formation in this ocular description.
प्रचय (pracaya): Increase, growth, or accumulation.
पद्माभ (padmābha): Having the appearance or hue of a reddish lotus.
लोहितार्म (lohitārma): The classical name of the reddish fleshy ocular growth described in the verse.
शोणितार्म (śoṇitārma): The commentary's equivalent designation for Lohitārma.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta, blood.

Adhikarana ६ (६) · Śloka ६

विस्तीर्णं मृदु बहलं यकृत्प्रकाशं श्यावं वा तदधिकमांसजार्म विद्यात् |६|

Meaning of the śloka

A broad, soft, thick growth, resembling the liver in appearance or having a dusky colour, should be known as Māṃsajārma.

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विस्तीर्णमिति| बहलं स्थूलम्| एतत् सन्निपातजं साध्यं च|६|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains bahala as thick or bulky. It classifies this condition as sannipātaja and regards it as treatable within the text's historical prognostic system.

Key terms

विस्तीर्ण (vistīrṇa): Broad or widely spread.
बहल (bahala): Thick or bulky, as clarified by the commentary.
यकृत्प्रकाश (yakṛt-prakāśa): Resembling the liver in appearance.
मांसजार्म (māṃsajārma): The classical name for the broad, soft, thick ocular growth described here.
सन्निपातज (sannipātaja): Classified by the commentary as involving all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ७ (६) · Śloka ६

शुक्ले यत् पिशितमुपैति वृद्धिमेतत् स्नाय्वर्मेत्यभिपठितं खरं प्रपाण्डु ||६||

Meaning of the śloka

A rough, pale growth of fleshy tissue that enlarges upon the white region of the eye is described as Snāyvarma.

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शुक्ले इत्यादि| एतत्त्रिदोषजमपि साध्यम्| खरं खरस्पर्शम्| ‘स्नाय्वाभं पिशितांशमुपैति यत्तु स्नाय्वर्म’ इत्यपि पाठः| ‘खरं च शुक्लं’ इति केचित् पठन्ति||६||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary classifies this condition as tridoṣaja and nevertheless regards it as treatable within the text's historical system. It explains khara as rough to the touch. It also preserves the reading, ‘That fleshy portion which resembles a snāyu is Snāyvarma,’ and notes that some read ‘rough and white.’

Key terms

शुक्ल (śukla): The white region of the eye in this passage.
स्नाय्वर्म (snāyvarma): The named ocular growth; an alternative reading describes it as resembling snāyu.
खर (khara): Rough, explained by the commentary as rough to the touch.
प्रपाण्डु (prapāṇḍu): Markedly pale or whitish in appearance.
त्रिदोषज (tridoṣaja): Classified as arising from all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ८ (७) · Śloka ७

श्यावाः स्युः पिशितनिभाश्च बिन्दवो ये शुक्त्याभाः सितनयने स शुक्तिसञ्ज्ञः |७|

Meaning of the śloka

Dusky, flesh-like spots resembling an oyster shell upon the white of the eye constitute the condition called Śukti.

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श्यावा इत्यादि| शुक्त्याभा इति जलशुक्तिरिव किञ्जिद्दीर्घाः शुक्लमण्डले ये बिन्दवः स शुक्तिकाविकार इति सम्बन्धः| साध्योऽयं पित्तजश्च|७|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that the spots in the white region are śuktyābha: somewhat elongated like a water-oyster shell. Their presence forms the disorder called Śuktikā. It classifies the condition as pittaja and regards it as treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

श्याव (śyāva): Dusky or dark-coloured in this description.
पिशितनिभ (piśita-nibha): Resembling flesh in appearance.
शुक्त्याभ (śuktyābha): Resembling an oyster shell; the commentary adds that the spots are somewhat elongated.
शुक्ति (śukti): The name used in the verse for the described spots on the white of the eye.
शुक्तिका विकार (śuktikā-vikāra): The commentary's name for this ocular disorder.

Adhikarana ९ (७) · Śloka ७

एको यः शशरुधिरोपमस्तु बिन्दुः शुक्लस्थो भवति तमर्जुनं वदन्ति ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

A single spot on the white of the eye resembling the blood of a hare is called Arjuna.

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एक इत्यादि| रक्तजोऽयं साध्यश्च||७||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary classifies this condition as raktaja and regards it as treatable within the text's historical prognostic system; it supplies no further explanation of the comparison.

Key terms

शशरुधिरोपम (śaśa-rudhiropama): Compared in appearance to the blood of a hare.
बिन्दु (bindu): A single spot or point.
शुक्लस्थ (śuklastha): Situated on the white region of the eye.
अर्जुन (arjuna): The classical name assigned here to the single described spot.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta.

Adhikarana १० (८) · Śloka ८

उत्सन्नः सलिलनिभोऽथ पिष्टशुक्लो बिन्दुर्यो भवति स पिष्टकः सुवृत्तः |८|

Meaning of the śloka

A raised, well-rounded spot that has a water-like appearance and is white like flour is called Piṣṭaka.

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उत्सन्न इत्यादि| पिष्टशुक्लः तण्डुलपिष्टवच्छुक्लः, शुक्लत्वेऽप्यच्छत्वात् सलिलनिभः, पिष्टकः पिष्टकनामा| अयं श्लैष्मिकः साध्यश्च|८|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains piṣṭaśukla as white like rice flour. Although white, the spot is likened to water because it is clear or translucent. Piṣṭaka is the name of the condition. It is classified as ślaiṣmika and regarded as treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

उत्सन्न (utsanna): Raised or elevated.
सलिलनिभ (salila-nibha): Water-like in appearance; the commentary relates this to clarity or translucence.
पिष्टशुक्ल (piṣṭaśukla): White like flour, specified by the commentary as rice flour.
पिष्टक (piṣṭaka): The classical name of the rounded raised spot described here.
श्लैष्मिक (ślaiṣmika): Attributed by the commentary to śleṣman or kapha.

Adhikarana ११ (८) · Śloka ८

जालाभः कठिनसिरो महान् सरक्तः सन्तानः स्मृत इह जालसञ्ज्ञितस्तु ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

A large, firm network of vessels, resembling a mesh and having a reddish appearance, is known here as Sirājāla.

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जालाभ इत्यादि| अनुलोमविलोमविस्तृतसिरानिचयविरचितत्वाज्जालस्येव आभा यस्य स तथा| रक्तो लोहितो लोहितजनितश्च, सन्तानः सिरासन्तानः| एष सिराजालसञ्ज्ञितो रक्तजः साध्यश्च||८||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that its mesh-like appearance comes from a collection of vessels extending in different directions. Rakta is understood both as red in colour and as arising from blood, while santāna denotes the continuous spread of the vessels. It names the condition Sirājāla, classifies it as raktaja, and regards it as treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

जालाभ (jālābha): Having the appearance of a net or mesh.
सिरासन्तान (sirā-santāna): A continuous or spreading network of vessels.
सिराजाल (sirājāla): The classical name for the vessel-network disorder described here.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta, or blood.

Adhikarana १२ (९) · Śloka ९

शुक्लस्थाः सितपिडकाः सिरावृता यास्ता विद्यादसितसमीपजाः सिराजाः |९|

Meaning of the śloka

White papules situated in the white part of the eye, surrounded by vessels and arising near the dark part, should be recognized as Sirāja.

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Meaning of the commentary

The commentary supplies the word piḍakā, 'papules,' with Sirāja. It explains that they are called Sirāja because they are surrounded by vessels present at the site, rather than because the papules themselves arise directly from vessels. The condition is classified as sannipātaja and regarded as treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

शुक्लस्थाः (śuklasthāḥ): Situated in the white region of the eye.
सितपिडकाः (sita-piḍakāḥ): White papules or small raised lesions.
सिरावृताः (sirāvṛtāḥ): Surrounded or encircled by vessels.
असितसमीपजाः (asita-samīpajāḥ): Arising near the dark portion of the eye.
सन्निपातज (sannipātaja): Classified in the commentary as involving all three doṣas.

Adhikarana १३ (९) · Śloka ९

कांस्याभो भवति सितेऽम्बुबिन्दुतुल्यः स ज्ञेयोऽमृदुररुजो बलासकाख्यः ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

A lesion in the white part of the eye that has the appearance of bronze, resembles a drop of water, is hard rather than soft, and is painless should be known as Balāsaka.

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कांस्याभ इत्यादि| कांस्यस्येव आभा यस्य स तथा, सित इत्यर्थः| अम्बुबिन्दुतुल्यः वारिबिन्दुरिवोद्गत्वात्| अमृदुः कठिनः| अरुजः अव्यथः| एतद्द्वयमपि कफजनितत्वात् नामान्वयेन बलासनामा विकारो बलासज एव| अत्रैव विदेहः,- “मारुतोत्पीडितः श्लेष्मा शुक्लभागे व्यवस्थितः| जलबिन्दुरिवोच्छूनो मृदुः कफसमुद्भवः”- इति| पुस्तकान्तरे चान्यथा पाठः, यथा- ‘सन्तानो भवति सिरावृतः सिते यो बिन्दुर्वा स तु निरुजो बलासकाख्यः’- इति| ईदृशस्य पाठस्य टीकाकारा व्याख्यां न कुर्वन्ति| साध्योऽयं श्लेष्मजश्च||९||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains kāṃsyābha as having a bronze-like appearance, which it glosses here as pale or white, and ambubindutulya as raised like a drop of water. It interprets amṛdu as hard and aruja as painless. Because both features are attributed to kapha, it relates the name Balāsaka to a disorder arising from balāsa. It then quotes Videha, who describes śleṣman compressed by vāyu and lodged in the white region, swollen like a water drop, soft, and arising from kapha. A different manuscript reads that a painless drop-like lesion or vascular extension occurs in the white region; the commentary notes that earlier commentators do not explain this reading. The condition is regarded as treatable and śleṣmaja within the text's historical system.

Key terms

कांस्याभ (kāṃsyābha): Having an appearance compared with bronze; glossed by the commentary here as pale or white.
अम्बुबिन्दुतुल्य (ambubindutulya): Resembling a raised drop of water.
अमृदु (amṛdu): Not soft; interpreted by the commentary as hard.
बलासक (balāsaka): The classical name of the described lesion in the white region of the eye.
श्लेष्मज (śleṣmaja): Attributed to śleṣman or kapha in the commentary.

Adhikarana पुष्पिका · Śloka ४

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे शुक्लगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम चतुर्थोऽध्यायः ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the fourth chapter of the Uttaratantra in the Suśruta Saṃhitā, entitled 'Knowledge of Diseases Situated in the White Region of the Eye' (Śuklagatarogavijñānīya).

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इति श्रीडल्ह(ह्ल)णविरचितायां निबन्धसङ्ग्रहाख्यायां सुश्रुतव्याख्यायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे चतुर्थोऽध्यायः||४||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary colophon states that the fourth chapter of the Śālākyatantra section within the Uttaratantra is complete in the Nibandhasaṅgraha, the commentary on Suśruta composed by Śrī Dalhaṇa. The supplied form 'Dalha(hla)ṇa' preserves an editorial variation in the commentator's name.

Key terms

शुक्लगतरोगविज्ञानीय (śuklagatarogavijñānīya): The chapter title, concerning knowledge of disorders situated in the eye's white region.
उत्तरतन्त्र (uttaratantra): The division of the Suśruta Saṃhitā containing this chapter.
शालाक्यतन्त्र (śālākyatantra): The specialty section identified in the commentary colophon.
निबन्धसङ्ग्रह (nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta Saṃhitā.

← 3. vartmagatarōgavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ 5. kr̥ṣṇagatarōgavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ →