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AYANAACADEMYby Dr Vijaya Dwarampudi
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२२. नासागतरोगविज्ञानीयाध्यायः

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Adhikarana १ (१-२) · Śloka २

अथातो नासागतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerning knowledge of diseases situated in the nose, as declared by the venerable Dhanvantari.

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अथात इत्यादि| गतशब्द आश्रयवचनः, तेन नासाश्रितरोगविज्ञानमधिकृत्य कृतोऽध्यायो नासागतरोगविज्ञानीयाध्यायः||१-२||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that the word gata denotes the site or locus. Accordingly, this chapter was composed with knowledge of diseases residing in the nose as its subject and is therefore called Nasagatarogavijnaniya.

Key terms

nAsAgataroga (nasagata-roga)
A disease situated in or affecting the nose.
vij~jAnIya (vijnaniya)
That which is to be known or understood.
gata
Interpreted by the commentary as indicating the site or locus.
dhanvantari (Dhanvantari)
The revered authority to whom the teaching is attributed.

Adhikarana २ (३-५) · Śloka ५

अपीनसः पूतिनस्यं नासापाकस्तथैव च | तथा शोणितपित्तं च पूयशोणितमेव च ||३|| क्षवथुर्भ्रंशथुर्दीप्तो नासानाहः परिस्रवः | नासाशोषेण सहिता दशैकाश्चेरिता गदाः ||४|| चत्वार्यर्शांसि चत्वारः शोफाः सप्तार्बुदानि च | प्रतिश्यायाश्च ये पञ्च वक्ष्यन्ते सचिकित्सिताः | एकत्रिंशन्मितास्ते तु नासारोगाः प्रकीर्तिताः ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

Apinasa, putinasya, nasapaka, shonitapitta, puyashonita, kshavathu, bhramshathu, dipta, nasanaha, parisrava, and nasashosha are stated to be eleven disorders. Four kinds of arshas, four swellings, seven arbuda disorders, and five types of pratishyaya, which will be explained together with their treatment, bring the proclaimed total of nasal diseases to thirty-one.

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नासारोगान् नामभिः सङ्ख्यया चाह- अपीनस इत्यादि| सङ्ख्येयनिर्देशादेव सङ्ख्यायां लब्धायां भूयः सङ्ख्याकरणं नियमार्थं; तेन विदेहोक्तसङ्ख्यया अधिकत्वं मा भूत्| ‘अपीनसः पूतिपाकौ पित्तासृक् पूयशोणितम्’ इति केचित् पठन्ति||३-५||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that these nasal diseases are presented by both name and number. Although the number can already be obtained from the enumerated groups, the total is stated again to fix the count and prevent it from being enlarged according to the number given by Videha. It also preserves an alternative reading: 'apinasa, putipaka, pittasrik, and puyashonita.'

Key terms

apInasa (apinasa)
One of the named nasal disorders in the enumeration.
nAsApAka (nasapaka)
A named disorder involving paka of the nose.
pUyashoNita (puyashonita)
A named condition characterized in the terminology by pus and blood.
pratishyAya (pratishyaya)
A class of nasal disorders said here to have five types.
ekatriMshat (ekatrimshat)
Thirty-one, the fixed total of nasal diseases stated in the passage.

Adhikarana ३ (६) · Śloka ७

आनह्यते यस्य विधूप्यते च प्रक्लिद्यते शुष्यति चापि नासा | न वेत्ति यो गन्धरसांश्च जन्तुर्जुष्टं व्यवस्येत्तमपीनसेन ||६|| तं चानिलश्लेष्मभवं विकारं ब्रूयात् प्रतिश्यायसमानलिङ्गम् |७|

Meaning of the śloka

A person whose nose becomes obstructed, feels as though filled with smoke, becomes moist, or becomes dry, and who cannot perceive smells and tastes, should be recognized as affected by apinasa. This disorder is said to arise from vata and shleshma and to have features resembling pratishyaya.

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अपीनसलक्षणमाह- आनह्यत इत्यादि| आनह्यते कफेन पित्तशोषितेन आनह्यत इव| विधूप्यते धूमायत इव, पित्तात्; प्रक्लिद्यते आर्द्रीभवति कफात्; शुष्यति पित्तात्| गन्धरसान् गन्धान् रसांश्चेत्यर्थः; अन्ये तु गन्धस्य रसा गन्धरसाः, रसतेर्गत्यर्थत्वात्; याथातथ्येन गन्धं जानातीत्यर्थः| व्यवस्येत् जानीयात्| केचिदमुं पाठमन्यथा पठन्ति, स चादर्शनान्न लिखितः||६||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the signs of apinasa. The sense of obstruction is attributed to kapha dried by pitta; the smoke-like sensation and dryness to pitta; and moistness to kapha. Gandharasa is first explained as smells and tastes. An alternative interpretation takes it as the qualities or perception of smell, conveying that the person does not know smell accurately. Vyavasyet means 'one should recognize.' The commentator notes that some read the passage differently, but does not record that reading because it was unavailable to him.

Key terms

apInasa (apinasa)
The nasal disorder identified by the cluster of obstructive, moisture or dryness, smoke-like, and sensory signs described here.
vidhUpyate (vidhupyate)
Feels smoke-filled or smoky, interpreted by the commentary as a pitta-related sign.
gandharasa (gandha-rasa)
Explained either as smells and tastes or, alternatively, as accurate perception of smell.
anilashleShmabhava (anila-shleshma-bhava)
Described as arising from vata and shleshma (kapha).
pratishyAya (pratishyaya)
A nasal disorder whose signs are said to resemble those of apinasa.

Adhikarana ४ (७) · Śloka ८

दोषैर्विदग्धैर्गलतालुमूले संवासितो यस्य समीरणस्तु ||७|| निरेति पूतिर्मुखनासिकाभ्यां तं पूतिनासं प्रवदन्ति रोगम् |८|

Meaning of the śloka

When air, tainted by aggravated doshas at the root of the throat and palate, comes out through the mouth and nose with a putrid odor, the disorder is called putinasa.

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पूतिनासस्य लक्षणमाह- दोषैरित्यादि| रक्तमपि दोषत्वेन विवक्षितं, तेन दोषैरिति बहुवचनम्| विदग्धैः मूर्च्छितैः स्वरूपप्रच्युतैर्वा| संवासितः पित्तश्लेष्मरक्तैरात्मविकृतिगन्धेन मिश्रीकृतः| निरेति निर्गच्छति, पूतिः शटितगन्धो वायुः||७||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that blood is also intended under the term doshas, which accounts for the plural. Vidagdha means altered, intensified, or displaced from the normal state. The air becomes mixed with the abnormal odor of pitta, shleshma, and blood, and emerges through the mouth and nose; puti denotes air with a rotten or putrid smell.

Key terms

pUtinAsa (putinasa)
The named disorder characterized here by putrid-smelling air issuing from the mouth and nose.
vidagdha doSha (vidagdha dosha)
Doshas described as altered, intensified, or departed from their normal state.
galatAlumUla (gala-talu-mula)
The root region of the throat and palate.
pUti (puti)
Putrid or rotten-smelling, here qualifying the expelled air.

Adhikarana ५ (८) · Śloka ९

घ्राणाश्रितं पित्तमरूंषि कुर्याद्यस्मिन् विकारे बलवांश्च पाकः ||८|| तं नासिकापाकमिति व्यवस्येद्विक्लेदकोथावपि यत्र दृष्टौ |९|

Meaning of the śloka

The disorder in which pitta located in the nose produces sores, with intense paka together with marked moisture and putrid tissue change, should be recognized as nasikapaka.

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नासापाकस्य लक्षणमाह- घ्राणाश्रितमित्यादि| अरूंषि व्रणान्| विक्लेद आर्द्रभावः, कोथः पूतिभावः, एतौ यत्र यस्मिन् विकारे, दृष्टौ दर्शनं गतौ||८||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that arumshi means sores or wounds. Vikleda is a moist or sodden state, and kotha is a putrid state; both are observed in this disorder.

Key terms

nAsikApAka (nasikapaka)
The named nasal disorder marked here by sores, intense paka, moisture, and putrid change.
arUMShi (arumshi)
Sores or wounds, according to the commentary.
pAka (paka)
An intense inflammatory or suppurative process in the terminology of the passage, without assigning a single modern diagnosis.
vikleda
A moist or sodden state.
kotha
A putrid or decomposed state described in the commentary.

Adhikarana ६ (९) · Śloka ९

चतुर्विधं द्विप्रभवं द्विमार्गं वक्ष्यामि भूयः खलु रक्तपित्तम् ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

Raktapitta will be described further as having four forms, two sources, and two routes.

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रक्तपित्तलक्षणमनागतावेक्षणेन निर्दिशन्नाह- चतुर्विधमित्यादि| चतुर्विधं वातपित्तकफसन्निपातात्मकम्| द्विप्रभवं द्वौ प्रभवौ यकृत्प्लीहानौ यस्य तं तथा; अन्ये तु स्निग्धरूक्षोष्णभेदेन द्विरुत्पत्तिकारणं मन्यन्ते; अपरे तु द्विप्रभवमामाशयपक्वाशयप्रभवमाहुः| द्विमार्गम् अधरोत्तरमार्गद्वयम्||९||

Meaning of the commentary

Introducing raktapitta in anticipation of its fuller treatment later, the commentary explains its four forms as those associated with vata, pitta, kapha, and sannipata. It gives three interpretations of 'two sources': the liver and spleen; two modes of causation distinguished by unctuous versus dry-hot factors; or origin from the amashaya and pakvashaya. The two routes are the lower and upper routes.

Key terms

raktapitta
The named disorder that the text classifies by forms, sources, and routes.
caturvidha (chaturvidha)
Fourfold, explained as vata-, pitta-, kapha-, and sannipata-associated forms.
dviprabhava (dvi-prabhava)
Having two sources; the commentary preserves three different explanations of those sources.
dvimArga (dvi-marga)
Having two routes, identified as the lower and upper routes.
AmAshayapakvAshaya (amashaya-pakvashaya)
The amashaya and pakvashaya, offered by some authorities as the two sites of origin.

Adhikarana ७ (१०) · Śloka १०

दोषैर्विदग्धैरथवाऽपि जन्तोर्ललाटदेशेऽभिहतस्य तैस्तु | नासा स्रवेत् पूयमसृग्विमिश्रं तं पूयरक्तं प्रवदन्ति रोगम् ||१०||

Meaning of the śloka

When, because of severely altered doshas or following an injury to the forehead, pus mixed with blood flows from the nose, the disorder is called puyarakta.

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पूयरक्तं दोषागन्तुनिमित्तं दर्शयन्नाह- दोषैरित्यादि| विदग्धैः पित्तरक्ताधिक्याद्विरुद्धां परिणतिं प्राप्तैः| ललाटाभिघातोऽपि विरुद्धपाकं प्राप्तो मन्तव्यः||१०||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary presents puyarakta as having either an internal doshic cause or an external traumatic cause. Vidagdha doshas are explained as having undergone an abnormal transformation because of predominance of pitta and blood. An injury to the forehead is likewise understood to have progressed to abnormal paka.

Key terms

pUyarakta (puyarakta)
The named disorder characterized by nasal discharge of pus mixed with blood.
doShAgantu (dosha-agantu)
The two stated causal categories: internal doshic disturbance and an externally caused injury.
lalATAbhighAta (lalata-abhighata)
An injury to the forehead.
vidagdha
Abnormally transformed, here associated by the commentary with predominance of pitta and blood.
pUyamasRugvimishra (puyam-asrig-vimishra)
Pus mixed with blood in the nasal discharge.

Adhikarana ८ (११) · Śloka १२

घ्राणाश्रिते मर्मणि सम्प्रदुष्टे यस्यानिलो नासिकया निरेति ||११|| कफानुयातो बहुशः सशब्दस्तं रोगमाहुः क्षवथुं विधिज्ञाः |१२|

Meaning of the śloka

When the vital region associated with the organ of smell becomes greatly disturbed, vāyu issues repeatedly through the nose, accompanied by kapha and with sound. Those knowledgeable in the subject call this condition kṣavathu.

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क्षवथुरपि दोषजश्चागन्तुजश्च, तत्र पूर्वं दोषजमेव निर्दिशन्नाह- घ्राणेत्यादि| घ्राणाश्रिते मर्मणि शृङ्गाटकाख्ये; ‘घ्राणाश्रिते मर्मणि’ इत्यत्र ‘घ्राणाश्रिते श्लेष्मणि’ इति केचित् पठन्ति||११||-

Meaning of the commentary

Kṣavathu is described as arising either from the doṣas or from an external cause. The verse first presents the doṣa-origin form. The vital region associated with smell is identified as the one called śṛṅgāṭaka. Some read the phrase not as ‘the vital region associated with smell’ but as ‘śleṣman associated with smell’; this alternative reading is retained.

Key terms

kṣavathu
The named nasal disorder characterized here by repeated, audible expulsion of vāyu through the nose.
śṛṅgāṭaka
The vital region that the commentary associates with the organ of smell.
kaphānuyāta
Accompanied by kapha.

Adhikarana ९ (१२) · Śloka १३

तीक्ष्णोपयोगादतिजिघ्रतो वा भावान् कटूनर्कनिरीक्षणाद्वा ||१२|| सूत्रादिभिर्वा तरुणास्थिमर्मण्युद्घाटितेऽन्यः क्षवथुर्निरेति |१३|

Meaning of the śloka

Another form of kṣavathu arises from the use of sharp or strongly stimulating substances, excessive smelling of pungent materials, looking at the sun, or disturbance of the tender bony vital region by threads or similar objects.

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आगन्तुजं क्षवथुमाह- तीक्ष्णोपयोगादित्यादि| अतिजिघ्रतः आघ्रायतः| भावान् द्रव्याणि| तरुणास्थिमर्म नासावंशास्थिमर्म शृङ्गाटकसञ्ज्ञम्| उद्घाटिते ऊर्ध्वं चालिते||१२||-

Meaning of the commentary

This passage explains externally caused kṣavathu. ‘Atijighrataḥ’ means excessive smelling, and ‘bhāvān’ means substances. The tender bony vital region is explained as the vital region of the nasal bone, called śṛṅgāṭaka. ‘Udghāṭita’ means displaced or moved upward.

Key terms

āgantuja kṣavathu
Kṣavathu attributed here to an external cause.
tīkṣṇa
Sharp or strongly stimulating in the context of substances used or smelled.
taruṇāsthimarman
The tender bony vital region of the nose discussed by the commentary.
śṛṅgāṭaka
The name given to the nasal vital region in the commentary.

Adhikarana १० (१३) · Śloka १४

प्रभ्रश्यते नासिकयैव यश्च सान्द्रो विदग्धो लवणः कफस्तु ||१३|| प्राक् सञ्चितो मूर्धनि पित्ततप्तस्तं भ्रंशथुं व्याधिमुदाहरन्ति |१४|

Meaning of the śloka

Dense, altered, salty-tasting kapha that had previously accumulated in the head and was heated by pitta falls downward specifically through the nose. This disorder is called bhraṃśathu.

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भ्रंशथोर्लक्षणमाह- प्रभ्रश्यत इत्यादि| प्रभ्रश्यते अत्यर्थमधः पतति नासिकयैव, न मुखेन||१३||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states the defining feature of bhraṃśathu: the material falls downward in a pronounced manner through the nose alone, rather than through the mouth.

Key terms

bhraṃśathu
The named disorder marked here by pronounced downward discharge through the nose.
vidagdha kapha
Kapha described as altered or affected by heat.
pittatapta
Heated by pitta.

Adhikarana ११ (१४) · Śloka १५

घ्राणे भृशं दाहसमन्विते तु विनिःसरेद्धूम इवेह वायुः ||१४|| नासा प्रदीप्तेव च यस्य जन्तोर्व्याधिं तु तं दीप्तमुदाहरन्ति |१५|

Meaning of the śloka

When the organ of smell is accompanied by intense burning and the outgoing breath seems like smoke, so that the person's nose feels as though it were aflame, the disorder is called dīpta.

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दीप्तलक्षणमाह- घ्राणे भृशमित्यादि| विनिःसरेत् निर्याति| वायुः निश्वासः| प्रदीप्तेव ज्वलितेव नासा स्यात्||१४||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that ‘viniḥsaret’ means ‘goes out,’ that vāyu here denotes the outgoing breath, and that the nose is experienced as if burning or flaming.

Key terms

dīpta
The named nasal disorder characterized here by intense burning and smoke-like outgoing breath.
dāha
A strong burning sensation.
niśvāsa
Outgoing breath, the sense assigned to vāyu by the commentary.

Adhikarana १२ (१५) · Śloka १६

कफावृतो वायुरुदानसञ्ज्ञो यदा स्वमार्गे विगुणः स्थितः स्यात् ||१५|| घ्राणं वृणोतीव तदा स रोगो नासाप्रतीनाह इति प्रदिष्टः |१६|

Meaning of the śloka

When vāyu known as udāna is obstructed by kapha and remains impaired in its own pathway, it seems to block the organ of smell. This disorder is designated nāsāpratīnāha.

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नासाप्रतीनाहलक्षणमाह- कफावृत इत्यादि| नासा प्रतिनह्यते बध्यत इव वातेनेति नासाप्रतीनाहः||१५||-

Meaning of the commentary

The condition is called nāsāpratīnāha because the nose seems constricted or bound by vāta.

Key terms

nāsāpratīnāha
The named condition in which the nose feels obstructed or bound.
udāna
The specifically named vāyu said here to be obstructed in its pathway.
kaphāvṛta
Obstructed or enveloped by kapha.

Adhikarana १३ (१६) · Śloka १७

अजस्रमच्छं सलिलप्रकाशं यस्याविवर्णं स्रवतीह नासा ||१६|| रात्रौ विशेषेण हि तं विकारं नासापरिस्रावमिति व्यवस्येत् |१७|

Meaning of the śloka

A disorder in which the nose continually discharges clear, water-like fluid of no distinctive colour, especially at night, is identified as nāsāparisrāva.

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नासापरिस्रावमाह- अजस्रमच्छमित्यादि| अजस्रम् अनवरतम्| अविवर्णम् अविशिष्टवर्णम्| अत्र रोगे स्रावः शृङ्गाटकाख्यस्रोतसि प्रविलायितात् कफात्| व्यवस्येत् जानीयात्||१६||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains ‘ajasram’ as uninterrupted and ‘avivarṇam’ as having no distinctive colour. It attributes the discharge in this condition to kapha that has liquefied in the channel called śṛṅgāṭaka. ‘Vyavasyet’ means ‘one should recognize it.’

Key terms

nāsāparisrāva
The named disorder characterized here by continuous clear nasal discharge.
ajasram
Continually or without interruption.
śṛṅgāṭaka-srotas
The channel named by the commentary as the site from which liquefied kapha produces the discharge.

Adhikarana १४ (१७) · Śloka १८

घ्राणाश्रिते श्लेष्मणि मारुतेन पित्तेन गाढं परिशोषिते च ||१७|| समुच्छ्वसित्यूर्ध्वमधश्च कृच्छ्राद्यस्तस्य नासापरिशोष उक्तः |१८|

Meaning of the śloka

When śleṣman situated in the organ of smell is intensely dried by māruta and pitta, and the person breathes with difficulty both upward and downward, the condition is called nāsāpariśoṣa.

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नासाशोषलक्षणमाह- घ्राणाश्रिते इत्यादि| गाढम् अतिशयेन||१७||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary introduces the signs of nāsāśoṣa and explains that ‘gāḍham’ means intensely or to a great degree.

Key terms

nāsāpariśoṣa
The named nasal condition characterized here by pronounced drying and difficult breathing.
śleṣman
The bodily factor situated in the organ of smell and described as being dried.
kṛcchrāt samucchvasiti
Breathes or respires with difficulty.
nāsāśoṣa
The shortened name used by the commentary for the nasal drying condition.

Adhikarana १५ (१८) · Śloka १९

दोषैस्त्रिभिस्तैः पृथगेकशश्च ब्रूयात्तथाऽर्शांसि तथैव शोफान् ||१८|| शालाक्यसिद्धान्तमवेक्ष्य चापि सर्वात्मकं सप्तममर्बुदं तु |१९|

Meaning of the śloka

The arshas should be described as four: three arising separately from the three doshas and one arising from their combined involvement. The swellings are likewise four. In accordance with the doctrine of Shalakya, an arbuda involving all factors is recognized as the seventh type.

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इदानीमुक्तानामर्शआदीनां सामान्येन लक्षणमाह- दोषैरित्यादि| पृथग्दोषैः त्रीण्यर्शांसि, सन्निपातेनैकं, एवं चत्वार्यर्शांसि| तथैव शोफानिति शोफा अपि चत्वार इत्यर्थः| शालाक्यसिद्धान्तमवेक्ष्येति ‘वातेन पित्तेन कफेन चापि’ इत्यादिना निदानस्थाने षडर्बुदानि निर्दिष्टानि, सप्तमं सर्वात्मकं शालाक्यतन्त्रे||१८||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that three forms of arshas arise from each dosha separately and a fourth from sannipata, the combined involvement of the doshas; the swellings are counted in the same way. It adds that six arbuda types were taught in the Nidana-sthana beginning with the statement that they arise from vata, pitta, and kapha, while Shalakya-tantra recognizes a seventh, sarvatmaka type.

Key terms

arshAMsi (arshamsi)
The class of lesions counted here as three single-dosha forms and one combined-dosha form.
shophAn (shophan)
Swellings, likewise classified into four forms in this passage.
sannipAta (sannipata)
Combined involvement of the doshas, stated by the commentary to produce the fourth form.
sarvAtmaka (sarvatmaka)
Involving all factors or having a comprehensive doshic character; the seventh arbuda type in Shalakya.
arbuda
A class of mass or growth classified here into seven types within the textual system.

Adhikarana १६ (१९) · Śloka १९

रोगः प्रतिश्याय इहोपदिष्टः स वक्ष्यते पञ्चविधः पुरस्तात् ||१९||

Meaning of the śloka

The disorder called pratishyaya, mentioned here, will be explained later in five forms.

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प्रतिश्यायस्यानागतावेक्षणेन सङ्क्षेपार्थं लक्षणं निर्दिशन्नाह- रोग इत्यादि||१९||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that pratishyaya is mentioned briefly here in anticipation of its fuller treatment later, and that the verse gives only a concise indication of the condition.

Key terms

pratishyAya (pratishyaya)
The named nasal disorder that will later be explained in five forms.
pa~jcavidha (panchavidha)
Fivefold; classified into five forms.
anAgatAvekShaNa (anagatavekshana)
Anticipatory reference to a subject that will be explained later.
sa~gkShepa (sankshepa)
A concise or summary statement rather than a full account.

Adhikarana १७ (२०) · Śloka २०

(नासास्रोतोगता रोगास्त्रिंशदेकश्च कीर्तिताः |२०|

Meaning of the śloka

The diseases specifically situated in the nasal channel are declared to number thirty-one.

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ननु, सर्वाङ्गगतानां कुष्ठादीनामप्यत्र नासायां सम्भवोऽस्तीति नासारोगाणं सङ्ख्यातिरेकमाशङ्क्याह- नासास्रोतोगता रोगा इत्यादि| नासास्रोतसि गता एव ये रोगास्त एव मयैकत्रिंशदुक्ताः, न पुनरत्र नासायां ये भवन्ति|२०|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary anticipates an objection that systemic disorders such as kushtha may also occur at the nose and could therefore increase the count. It answers that the thirty-one enumerated here are specifically disorders of the nasal channel itself, not every disorder that may happen to appear in the nasal region.

Key terms

nAsAsrotas (nasa-srotas)
The nasal channel in which the diseases counted here are specifically located.
ekatriMshat (ekatrimshat)
Thirty-one, the stated number of diseases of the nasal channel.
kuShTha (kushtha)
A broader systemic disease class used by the commentary as an example of a condition that may also manifest at the nose.
sa~gkhyAtireka (sankhyatireka)
An apparent excess beyond the stated numerical count.

Adhikarana १८ (२०) · Śloka २०

स्रोतःपथे यद्विपुलं कोशवच्चार्बुदं भवेत् ) ||२०||

Meaning of the śloka

An arbuda is a large formation in the pathway of the nasal channel, resembling a kosha or enclosed cavity with internal filling.

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नासागतशोफान् नासार्बुदलक्षणेन पृथक्कुर्वन्नाह- स्रोत इत्यादि| कोशः अन्तःपूरणवस्तु, यादृशमस्यान्तःपूरणवस्तु तादृशमन्तःपूरणकरं वस्तु शोथस्य नास्तीत्यर्थः||२०||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary distinguishes nasal swellings from a nasal arbuda by this feature. It explains kosha as something having an internal filling: an arbuda has a filling body of that kind within it, whereas an ordinary swelling does not.

Key terms

srotaHpatha (srotah-patha)
The pathway of the nasal channel where the formation is situated.
arbuda
A large nasal mass distinguished here from ordinary swelling by its internally filled, kosha-like form.
kosha
An enclosing structure or cavity characterized by an internal filling, used here as a comparison.
shopha
Swelling, contrasted by the commentary with arbuda.

Adhikarana १९ (२१) · Śloka २१

शोफास्तु शोफविज्ञाना नासास्रोतोव्यवस्थिताः | निदानेऽर्शांसि निर्दिष्टान्येवं तानि विभावयेत् ||२१||

Meaning of the śloka

Swellings situated in the nasal channel should be understood by the diagnostic features of shopha. Nasal arshas should likewise be recognized according to the descriptions already given in the Nidana section.

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शोफाः पुनः कीदृशा इत्याह- शोफा इत्यादि| शोफो विज्ञानं येषां ते शोफविज्ञानाः; अथवा प्रागुक्तशोफानामिव विज्ञानं येषामिति| निदानेऽर्शांसीत्यादि| एष पाठो द्विरुक्तिभयान्निबन्धकारैर्न पठितः||२१||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary offers two explanations of shophavijnana: either swelling itself is what makes these conditions known, or their diagnostic features resemble those of the swellings described earlier. It adds that the arshas are to be understood from the Nidana section. According to the commentary, some compilers did not include this reading because they regarded it as repetitive.

Key terms

shophavij~jAna (shopha-vijnana)
A phrase explained alternatively as recognition through swelling or as having features like previously described swellings.
nAsAsrotas (nasa-srotas)
The nasal channel in which the swellings are situated.
arshAMsi (arshamsi)
Nasal lesions whose diagnostic description is cross-referenced to the Nidana section.
nidAna (nidana)
The diagnostic section to which the verse refers for the description of arshas.
dvirukti
Repetition, the reason some compilers reportedly omitted this reading.

Adhikarana पुष्पिका · Śloka २२

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे नासागतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम द्वाविंशोऽध्यायः ||२२||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the twenty-second chapter, entitled Knowledge of Diseases Affecting the Nose, in the Shalakya-tantra section of the Uttara-tantra of the Sushruta-samhita.

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इति श्रीडल्ह(ह्ल)णविरचितायां निबन्धसङ्ग्रहाख्यायां सुश्रुतव्याख्यायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे द्वाविंशोऽध्यायः||२२||

Meaning of the commentary

Thus ends the twenty-second chapter in the Shalakya-tantra portion of the Uttara-tantra in Dalhana's commentary on the Sushruta-samhita entitled Nibandhasangraha. The supplied authorial name contains the uncertain or variant form Dalha(hla)na.

Key terms

nAsAgatarogavij~jAnIya (nasa-gata-roga-vijnaniya)
Knowledge of diseases affecting the nose, the chapter title.
shAlAkyatantra (Shalakya-tantra)
The textual division concerned here with diseases of the nose and related regions.
uttaratantra (Uttara-tantra)
The division of the Sushruta-samhita containing this chapter.
nibandhasa~ggraha (Nibandhasangraha)
The title of Dalhana's commentary on the Sushruta-samhita.
← 21. karṇagatarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ23. nāsāgatarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ →