௫. கஷ்ணகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயாத்யாயஃ

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Adhikarana ௧ (௧-௨) · Śloka ௨

அதாதஃ கஷ்ணகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயமத்யாயஂ வ்யாக்யாஸ்யாமஃ ||௧|| யதோவாச பகவாந் தந்வந்தரிஃ ||௨||

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अथातः कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerning knowledge of diseases situated in the dark region of the eye (Kṛṣṇagatarogavijñānīya), as taught by the revered Dhanvantari.

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ஶுக்லகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயாநந்தரஂ ப்ரத்யாஸத்த்யா கஷ்ணமண்டலகதா ரோகாஃ ப்ரதிபாத்யா இத்யாத ஆஹ- அதாத இத்யாதி||௧-௨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the chapter sequence: after describing diseases situated in the white region of the eye, the text next discusses diseases of the kṛṣṇamaṇḍala, the adjacent dark region.

Key terms

कृष्णगत रोग (kṛṣṇagata roga): Diseases described as situated in the dark region of the eye.
कृष्णमण्डल (kṛṣṇamaṇḍala): The dark ocular region discussed in this chapter.
प्रत्यासत्ति (pratyāsatti): Adjacency or close relationship, given as the reason for the chapter sequence.
धन्वन्तरि (Dhanvantari): The revered authority to whom the teaching is attributed.

Adhikarana ௨ (௩) · Śloka ௩

யத் ஸவ்ரணஂ ஶுக்ர(க்ல)மதாவ்ரணஂ வா பாகாத்யயஶ்சாப்யஜகா ததைவ | சத்வார ஏதேऽபிஹிதா விகாராஃ கஷ்ணாஶ்ரயாஃ ஸங்க்ரஹதஃ புரஸ்தாத் ||௩||

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यत् सव्रणं शुक्र(क्ल)मथाव्रणं वा पाकात्ययश्चाप्यजका तथैव | चत्वार एतेऽभिहिता विकाराः कृष्णाश्रयाः सङ्ग्रहतः पुरस्तात् ||३||

Meaning of the śloka

The four disorders previously summarized as affecting the dark region are Savraṇa Śukla, Avraṇa Śukla, Pākātyaya, and Ajakā.

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தாநேவ கஷ்ணகதரோகாந்நாமபிஃ ப்ராஹ- யதித்யாதி| ஸங்க்யேயநிர்தேஶாதேவ சதுஃஸங்க்யாயாஂ லப்தாயாஂ சதுஃஸங்க்யாகரணஂ தந்த்ராந்தரோத்திஷ்டாதிரிக்தஸங்க்யாநிராஸார்தம்| ஸங்க்ரஹதஃ ஸம்யகுபாதாநதஃ||௩||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that this verse names the diseases of the dark ocular region. Although listing the names already establishes that there are four, the explicit number four is included to exclude additional disorders enumerated in other treatises. Saṅgrahataḥ is explained as presenting them through proper or complete inclusion.

Key terms

सव्रण शुक्ल (savraṇa śukla): The named form of śukla associated with a wound or ulceration.
अव्रण शुक्ल (avraṇa śukla): The named form of śukla without a wound or ulceration.
पाकात्यय (pākātyaya): One of the four classical disorders said to affect the dark ocular region.
अजका (ajakā): One of the four named disorders of the dark ocular region.
सङ्ग्रहतः (saṅgrahataḥ): In summary or by complete inclusion, as glossed by the commentary.

Adhikarana ௩ (௪) · Śloka ௪

நிமக்நரூபஂ ஹி பவேத்து கஷ்ணே ஸூச்யேவ வித்தஂ ப்ரதிபாதி யத்வை | ஸ்ராவஂ ஸ்ரவேதுஷ்ணமதீவ ருக் ச தத் ஸவ்ரணஂ ஶுக்ர(க்ல)முதாஹரந்தி ||௪||

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निमग्नरूपं हि भवेत्तु कृष्णे सूच्येव विद्धं प्रतिभाति यद्वै | स्रावं स्रवेदुष्णमतीव रुक् च तत् सव्रणं शुक्र(क्ल)मुदाहरन्ति ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

A lesion in the dark region that appears sunken or embedded, looks as though it has been pierced by a needle, produces a distinctly warm discharge, and causes very severe pain is called Savraṇa Śukla.

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தாநேவ லக்ஷணைர்நிர்திஶந்நாஹ- நிமக்நேத்யாதி| நிமக்நரூபம் அந்தஃப்ரவிஷ்டரூபம், ஈஷத்தஶ்யரூபமித்யர்தஃ| ஸூச்யேவ வித்தமித்யநேந வர்துலத்வஂ தர்ஶிதஂ, ரக்தஸ்யாக்நேயத்வாதுஷ்ணாஶ்ருதா அத்யர்தஂ ச பீடா பவதி| அவ்ரணஶுக்லே மந்தருகஶ்ருதா வக்ஷ்யதே, தஸ்மாதஸ்மிந் ஸக்ஷதே ஶுக்ரே க்ஷதயோகாந்நேத்ரஸ்ய ஸுகுமாரத்வாச்சாதீவ வேதநா யுக்தா| அத்ர விதேஹஃ- “ரக்தராஜீநிபஂ கஷ்ணே வித்ருமாபஂ ப்ரலக்ஷ்யதே| ஸூச்யக்ரேணைவ தச்சுக்ரமுஷ்ணாஶ்ருஸ்ராவி ஸவ்ரணம்”- இதி| ஸவ்ரணஂ ஸக்ஷதமித்யர்தஃ| ரக்தஜமிதமஸாத்யஂ ச||௪||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains nimagnarūpa as appearing to have entered inward and therefore being only slightly visible. The comparison with a needle puncture indicates a circular form. It attributes the warm tears or discharge and intense pain to rakta and explains that, unlike Avraṇa Śukla, which will be described as having mild pain and tearing, this wounded form causes extreme pain because injury is present in the delicate eye. Videha is quoted as describing a coral-like lesion in the dark region, resembling red streaks and a needle-tip puncture, with warm tearing. Savraṇa is glossed as 'with injury.' The commentary classifies it as raktaja and considers it incurable within its historical prognostic system.

Key terms

निमग्नरूप (nimagnarūpa): Appearing sunken or entered inward and consequently only slightly visible.
सूच्येव विद्ध (sūcyeva viddha): Appearing pierced by a needle; interpreted as indicating a circular lesion.
उष्णस्राव (uṣṇasrāva): A discharge or flow experienced as warm.
सव्रण शुक्ल (savraṇa śukla): The classical name for the injured or ulcerated form described here.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta.

Adhikarana ௪ (௫) · Śloka ௫

தஷ்டேஃ ஸமீபே ந பவேத்து யச்ச ந சாவகாடஂ ந ச ஸஂஸ்ரவேத்தி | அவேதநாவந்ந ச யுக்மஶுக்ரஂ தத்ஸித்திமாப்நோதி கதாசிதேவ ||௫||

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दृष्टेः समीपे न भवेत्तु यच्च न चावगाढं न च संस्रवेद्धि | अवेदनावन्न च युग्मशुक्रं तत्सिद्धिमाप्नोति कदाचिदेव ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

When the lesion is not close to dṛṣṭi, is not deeply seated, does not discharge excessively, has little pain, and is not a paired or double Śukla, it may occasionally be successfully treated.

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இதாநீஂ தஸ்யைவாவஸ்தாத்வாரேண காதாசிக்தஂ ஸாத்யத்வஂ தர்ஶயந்நாஹ- தஷ்டேரித்யாதி| ஸஂஸ்ரவேத்தீத்யத்ர ஸஂஶப்தோऽதிஶயார்தஃ| அவேதநாவத் மந்தவேதநம்||௫||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that this verse identifies circumstances in which that same disorder may sometimes be considered treatable. In saṃsravet, the prefix sam conveys excess or intensity, and avedanāvat is explained as having mild pain rather than being entirely painless.

Key terms

दृष्टेः समीपे (dṛṣṭeḥ samīpe): Near dṛṣṭi, a prognostically important ocular location whose precise anatomical scope requires contextual review.
अवगाढ (avagāḍha): Deeply entered or deeply seated.
संस्रवेत् (saṃsravet): To discharge profusely; the commentary reads the prefix sam as intensifying the flow.
अवेदनावत् (avedanāvat): Explained by the commentary as having mild pain.
युग्मशुक्ल (yugmaśukla): A paired or double form of Śukla; its precise clinical sense is not clarified in the supplied commentary.

Adhikarana ௫ (௬-௭) · Śloka ௭

விச்சிந்நமத்யஂ பிஶிதாவதஂ வா சலஂ ஸிராஸக்தமதஷ்டிகச்ச | த்வித்வக்கதஂ லோஹிதமந்ததஶ்ச சிரோத்திதஂ சாபி விவர்ஜநீயம் ||௬|| உஷ்ணாஶ்ருபாதஃ பிடகா ச கஷ்ணே யஸ்மிந் பவேந்முத்கநிபஂ ச ஶுக்ரம் | ததப்யஸாத்யஂ ப்ரவதந்தி கேசிதந்யச்ச யத்தித்திரிபக்ஷதுல்யம் ||௭||

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विच्छिन्नमध्यं पिशितावृतं वा चलं सिरासक्तमदृष्टिकृच्च | द्वित्वग्गतं लोहितमन्ततश्च चिरोत्थितं चापि विवर्जनीयम् ||६|| उष्णाश्रुपातः पिडका च कृष्णे यस्मिन् भवेन्मुद्गनिभं च शुक्रम् | तदप्यसाध्यं प्रवदन्ति केचिदन्यच्च यत्तित्तिरिपक्षतुल्यम् ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

A Śukra lesion should be avoided as unsuitable for treatment when its centre appears broken or hollow, when it is surrounded by fleshy tissue, when it seems mobile and attached to vessels, when it obstructs vision, when it has entered two layers, when its margins are red, or when it has persisted for a long time. A Śukra lesion associated with hot tears and a papule in the dark region, and resembling a mudga seed, is also declared incurable by some authorities; some likewise include a lesion resembling a partridge's wing.

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தஸ்யைவ கதாசித்ஸாத்யஸ்ய லக்ஷணஂ ப்ரதிபாத்யாஸாத்யஸ்ய லக்ஷணஂ ப்ரதிபாதயந்நாஹ- விச்சிந்நேத்யாதி| விச்சிந்நமத்யமிதி விதீர்ணமாஂஸத்வாந்மத்யே ஸச்சித்ரமிவ| பக்ஷாந்தரமாஹ- பிஶிதாவதஂ வேதி, ஆச்சிந்நமத்யமேவோந்நதமாஂஸேந வேஷ்டிதஂ வா| சலஂ ஸிராஸக்தமிதி யதஃ ஸிராஸக்தமத ஏவ சலஂ, ஸிரா ஹி ஸ்வபாவத ஏவ சலாஃ; ததாஶ்ரிதஂ ஶுக்ரமபி சலமேவ; அந்யே து சலஂ சலதிவ ந து ஸாக்ஷாச்சலமேவ| அதஷ்டிகத் தர்ஶநரோதகத்| த்வித்வாக்கதஂ த்விபடலாஶ்ரிதம்| லோஹிதமந்ததஶ்சேதி ப்ராந்தேஷு லோஹிதமித்யர்தஃ| இதாநீஂ த்விபடலாஶ்ரிதஸ்ய லக்ஷணஂ தர்ஶயந்நாஹ- உஷ்ணேத்யாதி| கஸ்மிஂஶ்சித் புஸ்தகே ‘பிடகா ச பீதா’ இதி பாடஃ, ஸ ந ஸங்கச்சதே | ததா ச விதேஹஃ- “சோஷோஷ்ணஸ்ராவதாஹாஸ்து கஷ்ணே ச பிடிகோத்கமஃ| வ்யக்தமுத்கபலாகாரஂ ஶுக்ரஂ த்வித்வக்கதஂ பவேத்” இதி| ஏகீயமதமாஹ- ததித்யாதி| யச்சாந்யச்சுக்ரஂ தித்திரிபக்ஷதுல்யஂ ததப்யஸாத்யஂ கேசித்வதந்தீதி ஸம்பந்தஃ| ஏதத் பரமதமப்யப்ரதிஷித்தத்வாதநுமதமேவ||௬-௭||

Meaning of the commentary

Having described the occasionally treatable state, the commentary explains the signs of the untreatable state. Vicchinnamadhya means that torn tissue makes the centre look as though it has a hole; alternatively, the broken central area may be encircled by raised flesh. The lesion is called mobile because it is attached to vessels, which are naturally mobile, although other interpreters take this only to mean that it appears to move. Adṛṣṭikṛt means that it obstructs sight, dvitvaggata means that it occupies two layers, and lohitam antataḥ means red at the edges. The next verse describes the two-layer lesion through hot lacrimation, a papule in the dark region, and a Śukra lesion shaped like a mudga seed. One manuscript reads 'a yellow papule,' but the commentator rejects that reading as unsuitable. A quotation from Videha describes irritation, hot discharge, burning, emergence of a papule in the dark region, and a clearly mudga-shaped Śukra lesion as signs of involvement of two layers. Some authorities also regard a Śukra lesion resembling a partridge's wing as incurable; because this opinion is not contradicted, the commentator accepts it.

Key terms

विच्छिन्नमध्य (vicchinnamadhya): Having a broken or apparently hollow centre.
सिरासक्त (sirāsakta): Attached to vessels, offered as the reason for apparent mobility.
अदृष्टिकृत् (adṛṣṭikṛt): Obstructing vision.
द्वित्वग्गत (dvitvaggata): Situated in or involving two layers according to the commentary.
मुद्गनिभ (mudganibha): Resembling a mudga seed in form.
तित्तिरिपक्षतुल्य (tittiripakṣatulya): Compared in appearance to a partridge's wing.

Adhikarana ௬ (௮) · Śloka ௮

ஸிதஂ யதா பாத்யஸிதப்ரதேஶே ஸ்யந்தாத்மகஂ நாதிருகஶ்ருயுக்தம் | விஹாயஸீவாச்சகநாநுகாரி ததவ்ரணஂ ஸாத்யதமஂ வதந்தி ||௮||

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सितं यदा भात्यसितप्रदेशे स्यन्दात्मकं नातिरुगश्रुयुक्तम् | विहायसीवाच्छघनानुकारि तदव्रणं साध्यतमं वदन्ति ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

When a white lesion appears in the dark region of the eye, has a flowing or exudative character, is not accompanied by excessive pain or lacrimation, and resembles a thin, clear patch of cloud in the sky, it is called Avraṇa Śukra and is said to be highly treatable within the text's system.

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இதாநீஂ ஸவ்ரணஂ ஶுக்ரஂ ப்ரதிபாத்யாவ்ரணஂ ப்ரதிபாதயந்நாஹ- ஸிதமித்யாதி| ஸ்யந்தாத்மகம் அபிஷ்யந்தகாரணஂ விஹாயஸீவ ஆகாஶ இவ, அச்சகநாநுகாரி ப்ரதநுமேககண்டாநுகாரீத்யர்தஃ| ரக்தஜமிதஂ ஸாத்யஂ ச||௮||

Meaning of the commentary

After discussing Savraṇa Śukra, the commentary introduces Avraṇa Śukra. It explains syandātmaka as a cause of abhiṣyanda and interprets the comparison with the sky as resemblance to a thin fragment of clear cloud. The condition is classified as raktaja and treatable within the text's historical framework.

Key terms

असितप्रदेश (asita-pradeśa): The dark region of the eye in which the white lesion is seen.
स्यन्दात्मक (syandātmaka): Having a flowing or exudative character; explained as causing abhiṣyanda.
अच्छघनानुकारि (acchaghanānukāri): Resembling a thin fragment of clear cloud.
अव्रण शुक्र (avraṇa śukra): The classical name for the non-ulcerative Śukra lesion described here.
रक्तज (raktaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from rakta.

Adhikarana ௭ (௯) · Śloka ௯

கம்பீரஜாதஂ பஹலஂ ச ஶுக்ரஂ சிரோத்திதஂ சாபி வதந்தி கச்ச்ரம் |௯|

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गम्भीरजातं बहलं च शुक्रं चिरोत्थितं चापि वदन्ति कृच्छ्रम् |९|

Meaning of the śloka

A Śukra lesion that arises deeply, is thick, or has persisted for a long time is said to be difficult to treat.

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அஸ்யைவாவ்ரணஸ்ய ஶுக்ரஸ்யாவஸ்தாபேதேந கச்ச்ரதாஂ தர்ஶயந்நாஹ- கம்பீரேத்யாதி| ஏவம்பூதமவ்ரணமபி ஶுக்ரஂ கச்ச்ரஂ வதந்தீதி ஸம்பந்தஃ| கம்பீரஜாதஂ த்விபடலாஶ்ரிதமித்யர்தஃ| ஜேஜ்ஜடாசார்யஸ்து ஸவ்ரணாவ்ரணஶுக்ரஸ்ய லக்ஷணஂ ஸாத்யாஸாத்யத்வஂ ச விபரீதக்ரமேண படதி, மயா து பஞ்ஜிகாகாராபிப்ராயேணாநேநைவ க்ரமேண படிதம்|௯|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary presents these as variations in the state of the same Avraṇa Śukra that make it difficult to treat. It explains gambhīrajāta as occupying two layers. Ācārya Jejjaṭa reads the descriptions and the treatable-versus-untreatable prognosis of Savraṇa and Avraṇa Śukra in the reverse order, whereas this commentator follows the order preferred by the authors of the pañjikā commentaries. The disagreement concerns textual sequence and must be preserved.

Key terms

गम्भीरजात (gambhīrajāta): Arising deeply; glossed as occupying two layers.
बहल (bahala): Thick or dense in this description of Śukra.
चिरोत्थित (cirotthita): Long-standing or present for a prolonged period.
कृच्छ्र (kṛcchra): Difficult to treat within the text's prognostic classification.
अव्रण शुक्र (avraṇa śukra): The non-ulcerative Śukra lesion to which the commentary applies these features.

Adhikarana ௮ (௯) · Śloka ௧௦

ஸஞ்ச்சாத்யதே ஶ்வேதநிபேந ஸர்வஂ தோஷேண யஸ்யாஸிதமண்டலஂ து ||௯|| தமக்ஷிபாகாத்யயமக்ஷிகோபஸமுத்திதஂ தீவ்ரருஜஂ வதந்தி |௧௦|

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सञ्च्छाद्यते श्वेतनिभेन सर्वं दोषेण यस्यासितमण्डलं तु ||९|| तमक्षिपाकात्ययमक्षिकोपसमुत्थितं तीव्ररुजं वदन्ति |१०|

Meaning of the śloka

When the entire dark region of the eye becomes covered by a whitish-looking disorder, accompanied by intense pain and arising from an aggravated condition of the eye, it is called Akṣipākātyaya.

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இதாநீஂ பாகாத்யயமாஹ- ஸஞ்ச்சாத்யத இத்யாதி| அக்ஷிகோபாத் ஸமுத்திதஂ ஸ்யந்தாதுத்பந்நமித்யர்தஃ| ஏஷ த்ரிதோஷஜோऽஸாத்யஶ்ச||௯||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary introduces Akṣipākātyaya and explains that ‘arising from disturbance of the eye’ means developing from syanda. It classifies the disorder as tridoṣaja and regards it as incurable within the text’s historical system.

Key terms

असितमण्डल (asita-maṇḍala): The dark region or circular dark area of the eye described in the passage.
श्वेतनिभ (śveta-nibha): Having a whitish appearance.
अक्षिपाकात्यय (akṣipākātyaya): The classical name for the intensely painful eye disorder described here.
स्यन्द (syanda): The antecedent eye disorder from which the commentary says this condition develops.
त्रिदोषज (tridoṣaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from all three doṣas.

Adhikarana ௯ (௧௦) · Śloka ௧௦

அஜாபுரீஷப்ரதிமோ ருஜாவாந் ஸலோஹிதோ லோஹிதபிச்சிலாஶ்ருஃ | விதார்ய கஷ்ணஂ ப்ரசயோऽப்யுபைதி தஂ சாஜகாஜாதமிதி வ்யவஸ்யேத் ||௧௦||

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अजापुरीषप्रतिमो रुजावान् सलोहितो लोहितपिच्छिलाश्रुः | विदार्य कृष्णं प्रचयोऽभ्युपैति तं चाजकाजातमिति व्यवस्येत् ||१०||

Meaning of the śloka

A painful accumulation resembling goat droppings, somewhat red and accompanied by red, sticky tears, which breaks through the dark region of the eye and enlarges, should be identified as Ajakājāta.

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அஜேத்யாதி| அஜாபுரீஷப்ரதிம இதி விஶுஷ்கச்சகலீபுரீஷதுல்யஃ| ஸலோஹித ஈஷல்லோஹிதஃ| லோஹிதபிச்சிலாஶ்ருரிதி லோஹிதஂ பிச்சிலஂ சாஶ்ரு யஸ்ய ஸஃ| ப்ரசயஃ ஸாமர்த்யாந்மேதஸஃ| ஏஷ ஶ்லேஷ்மஜோऽஸாத்யஶ்ச||௧௦||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the comparison as resembling dried goat droppings. Salohita means slightly red, while lohita-picchila-aśru describes tears that are both red and sticky. It infers that the accumulating substance is medas. The condition is classified as śleṣmaja and regarded as incurable within the text’s historical system.

Key terms

अजापुरीषप्रतिम (ajā-purīṣa-pratima): Resembling dried goat droppings in appearance.
लोहितपिच्छिलाश्रु (lohita-picchila-aśru): Having tears described as red and sticky.
कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa): The dark region of the eye that the accumulation is said to break through.
प्रचय (pracaya): An accumulation or enlarging mass; inferred by the commentary to consist of medas.
अजकाजात (ajakājāta): The classical name assigned to the disorder described in this passage.
श्लेष्मज (śleṣmaja): Attributed by the commentary to śleṣman or kapha.

Adhikarana புஷ்பிகா · Śloka ௫

இதி ஸுஶ்ருதஸஂஹிதாயாமுத்தரதந்த்ரே கஷ்ணகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயோ நாம பஞ்சமோऽத்யாயஃ ||௫||

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इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the fifth chapter of the Uttaratantra in the Suśruta Saṃhitā, entitled ‘Knowledge of Disorders Situated in the Dark Region of the Eye’ (Kṛṣṇagatarogavijñānīya).

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இதி ஶ்ரீடல்ஹ(ஹ்ல)ணவிரசிதாயாஂ நிபந்தஸங்க்ரஹாக்யாயாஂ ஸுஶ்ருதவ்யாக்யாயாமுத்தரதந்த்ராந்தர்கதே ஶாலாக்யதந்த்ரே பஞ்சமோऽத்யாயஃ||௫||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary colophon states that the fifth chapter of the Śālākyatantra section within the Uttaratantra is complete in the Nibandhasaṅgraha, the commentary on Suśruta composed by Śrī Dalhaṇa. The supplied form ‘Dalha(hla)ṇa’ preserves an editorial variation in the commentator’s name.

Key terms

कृष्णगतरोगविज्ञानीय (kṛṣṇagata-roga-vijñānīya): The chapter title, concerning knowledge of disorders situated in the eye’s dark region.
उत्तरतन्त्र (uttaratantra): The division of the Suśruta Saṃhitā containing this chapter.
शालाक्यतन्त्र (śālākyatantra): The specialty section identified in the commentary colophon.
निबन्धसङ्ग्रह (nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa’s commentary on the Suśruta Saṃhitā.

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