Skip to content
AYANAACADEMYby Dr Vijaya Dwarampudi
Open Academy navigation

௧௬. பக்ஷ்மகோபப்ரதிஷேதாத்யாயஃ

DevanagariIAST (Roman)TeluguTamilMalayalamKannadaGujaratiBengaliGurmukhi

Adhikarana ௧ (௧-௨) · Śloka ௨

அதாதஃ பக்ஷ்மகோபப்ரதிஷேதஂ வ்யாக்யாஸ்யாமஃ ||௧|| யதோவாச பகவாந் தந்வந்தரிஃ ||௨||

View original

अथातः पक्ष्मकोपप्रतिषेधं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the prevention and treatment of pakṣmakopa. Thus spoke the venerable Dhanvantari.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

சேத்யரோகப்ரதிஷேதாநந்தரஂ பக்ஷ்மகோபே ச்சேத்யகர்மஸமவாயாத் பக்ஷ்மகதரோகப்ரதிஷேதாரம்போ யுக்தோऽத ஆஹ- அதாத இத்யாதி| பக்ஷ்ம வர்த்மகதரோமமாலிகா; கேசித் பக்ஷ்மஶப்தேந பக்ஷ்மாஶ்ரயஂ வர்த்ம கதயந்தி||௧-௨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that this chapter appropriately begins the treatment of diseases involving the eyelashes after the chapter on disorders requiring excision, because excisional treatment is also involved in pakṣmakopa. Pakṣma means the row of hairs situated on the eyelid. Some authorities, however, use the word pakṣma to denote the eyelid that serves as the support of those hairs.

Key terms

पक्ष्मकोप (pakṣmakopa)
The eyelash-related disorder whose prevention and treatment form the subject of this chapter.
पक्ष्म (pakṣma)
Explained primarily as the row of eyelid hairs, though some authorities understand it as the supporting eyelid.
प्रतिषेध (pratiṣedha)
The prevention and treatment being explained in the chapter.
धन्वन्तरि (Dhanvantari)
The revered teacher to whom the teaching is attributed.

Adhikarana ௨ (௩-௬) · Śloka ௬

யாப்யஸ்து யோ வர்த்மபவோ விகாரஃ பக்ஷ்மப்ரகோபோऽபிஹிதஃ புரஸ்தாத் | தத்ரோபவிஷ்டஸ்ய நரஸ்ய சர்ம வர்த்மோபரிஷ்டாதநுதிர்யகேவ ||௩|| ப்ருவோரதஸ்தாத் பரிமுச்ய பாகௌ பக்ஷ்மாஶ்ரிதஂ சைகமதோऽவகந்தேத் | கநீநகாபாங்கஸமஂ ஸமந்தாத்யவாகதி ஸ்நிக்ததநோர்நரஸ்ய ||௪|| உத்கத்ய ஶஸ்த்ரேண யவப்ரமாணஂ பாலேந ஸீவ்யேத்பிஷகப்ரமத்தஃ | தத்த்வா ச ஸர்பிர்மதுநாऽவஶேஷஂ குர்யாத்விதாநஂ விஹிதஂ வ்ரணே யத் ||௫|| லலாடதேஶே ச நிபத்தபட்டஂ ப்ராக்ஸ்யூதமத்ராப்யபரஂ ச பத்த்வா | ஸ்தைர்யஂ கதே சாப்யத ஶஸ்த்ரமார்கே பாலாந் விமுஞ்சேத் குஶலோऽபிவீக்ஷ்ய ||௬||

View original

याप्यस्तु यो वर्त्मभवो विकारः पक्ष्मप्रकोपोऽभिहितः पुरस्तात् | तत्रोपविष्टस्य नरस्य चर्म वर्त्मोपरिष्टादनुतिर्यगेव ||३|| भ्रुवोरधस्तात् परिमुच्य भागौ पक्ष्माश्रितं चैकमतोऽवकृन्तेत् | कनीनकापाङ्गसमं समन्ताद्यवाकृति स्निग्धतनोर्नरस्य ||४|| उत्कृत्य शस्त्रेण यवप्रमाणं बालेन सीव्येद्भिषगप्रमत्तः | दत्त्वा च सर्पिर्मधुनाऽवशेषं कुर्याद्विधानं विहितं व्रणे यत् ||५|| ललाटदेशे च निबद्धपट्टं प्राक्स्यूतमत्राप्यपरं च बद्ध्वा | स्थैर्यं गते चाप्यथ शस्त्रमार्गे बालान् विमुञ्चेत् कुशलोऽभिवीक्ष्य ||६||

Meaning of the śloka

For the eyelid disorder previously described as pakṣmaprakopa and regarded as manageable rather than completely curable, the seated patient—whose body has been duly prepared with oleation—is treated by making a transverse, barley-shaped excision in the skin above the eyelid. It is made evenly from the region corresponding to the inner canthus to the outer canthus, below the eyebrow, while leaving the eyelash-bearing portion intact. After excising a barley-sized strip with an instrument, the careful practitioner sutures it with a hair, applies ghee and honey, and follows the regimen prescribed for a wound. The ends of the suture are secured by a bandage at the forehead. Once the operative wound has become firm, the skilled practitioner examines it and removes the suture hairs.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

பக்ஷ்மகோபே ஶஸ்த்ரமக்நிஃ க்ஷாரோ பேஷஜமிதி சதுர்விதஂ கர்ம; தத்ராதௌ ஶஸ்த்ரகர்ம நிர்திஶந்நாஹ- யாப்ய இத்யாதி| புரஸ்தாத் வர்த்மரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயே| தத்ர பக்ஷ்மப்ரகோபே| ஸ்நிக்ததேஹஸ்யோபவிஷ்டஸ்ய நரஸ்ய, ப்ருவோரதஸ்தாத்த்வௌ பாகௌ, தத்ர பக்ஷ்மாஶ்ரிதமேகஂ பாகஂ விமுச்ய கநீநகாபாங்கயோஃ ஸமஂ ப்ரதேஶமநுலக்ஷீகத்ய, ஸமந்தாத் ஸர்வதஃ ந து க்வசிதேவ, ஏதேநோபபக்ஷ்மமாலாப்ரமாணேந வர்த்மோபரிஷ்டாத்யவாகதி சர்ம திர்யக் ஶஸ்த்ரேண நிகந்தேத், சர்ம நிகத்ய ததஶ்வாதீநாஂ பாலேந ஸீவ்யேத்| ததஃ ஸந்தாநார்தஂ மது கதஂ ச தத்த்வா, ப்ராக்ஸ்யூதஂ யத்தத் அபரஂ யத் ஸ்யூத்வோத்ததஂ தத் ஏதத்பாலாஞ்சலத்வயேந லலாடே பட்டஂ பத்த்வா வ்ரணோக்தஂ விதிஂ குர்யாதிதி பிண்டார்தஃ| ஸ்தைர்யஂ கதே கடிநீபூதே ஸஂரூடே இத்யர்தஃ| ஶஸ்த்ரமார்கே வ்ரணே, பாலாந் ஸேவநபாலாந், விமுஞ்சேத் ஸ்யூதரந்த்ராத் க்ரமேணாபகர்ஷேதித்யர்தஃ| கேசித் ‘விமுஞ்சேத்’ இத்யத்ர ‘ப்ரகல்பயேத்’ இதி படந்தி, ப்ரகல்பயேத் கர்தர்யா ச்சிந்த்யாதிதி ச வ்யாக்யாநயந்தி||௩-௬||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that pakṣmakopa has four modes of treatment: an operative instrument, fire cautery, an alkaline agent, and medicine; this passage first describes the operative procedure. The disorder was discussed earlier in the chapter on the recognition of eyelid diseases. In a seated patient prepared by oleation, the area below the eyebrows is considered in two portions. The eyelash-bearing portion is spared, and a transverse, barley-shaped strip of skin above the eyelid is cut evenly along the full extent corresponding to the inner and outer canthi, rather than at only one point; its extent is related to the adjacent row of eyelashes. The cut skin is then sutured with animal hair. Honey and ghee are applied to promote union, and the two free ends of the hair suture are secured with a forehead bandage, after which the prescribed wound regimen is followed. When the wound has become firm, hardened, and united, the suture hairs are gradually withdrawn from the stitch holes. Some authorities read prakalpayet instead of vimuñcet and explain it as cutting with scissors; the commentary preserves this alternative reading.

Key terms

पक्ष्मप्रकोप (pakṣmaprakopa)
The eyelash-related eyelid disorder for which the historical procedure is described.
याप्य (yāpya)
A condition described as manageable or controllable rather than completely curable.
यवाकृति (yavākṛti)
Barley-shaped, describing the form of the historical excision.
कनीनकापाङ्ग (kanīnakāpāṅga)
The inner and outer canthal regions used to describe the extent of the procedure.
शस्त्रमार्ग (śastramārga)
The wound or track produced by the operative instrument.
विमुञ्चेत् (vimuñcet)
To release or remove the suture hairs; an alternative reading, prakalpayet, is interpreted as cutting them with scissors.

Adhikarana ௩ (௭) · Śloka ௭

ஏவஂ ந சேச்சாம்யதி தஸ்ய வர்த்ம நிர்புஜ்ய தோஷோபஹதாஂ வலிஂ ச | ததோऽக்நிநா வா ப்ரதிஸாரயேத்தாஂ க்ஷாரேண வா ஸம்யகவேக்ஷ்ய தீரஃ ||௭||

View original

एवं न चेच्छाम्यति तस्य वर्त्म निर्भुज्य दोषोपहतां वलिं च | ततोऽग्निना वा प्रतिसारयेत्तां क्षारेण वा सम्यगवेक्ष्य धीरः ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

If the condition still does not subside in this way, the practitioner should evert the eyelid and address the fold affected by doṣa. After carefully considering the matter, the knowledgeable practitioner should cauterize that fold either with fire or with an alkaline agent.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ஏவமப்யஶாம்யதி பக்ஷ்மகோபே உபபக்ஷ்மமாலாபரபர்யாயே கர்மாந்தரமாஹ- ஏவமித்யாதி| நிர்புஜ்ய உத்தாநீகத்வேத்யர்தஃ| அவேக்ஷ்ய ‘ஶாஸ்த்ரம்’ இதி ஶேஷஃ||௭||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that when pakṣmakopa, also called upapakṣmamālā, does not settle even with the preceding treatment, this verse prescribes another procedure. Nirbhujya means turning the eyelid upward. In the expression 'after considering,' the commentary supplies the understood word śāstra, indicating consideration of the authoritative surgical teaching.

Key terms

पक्ष्मकोप (pakṣmakopa)
The eyelash-related disorder being treated in this chapter.
उपपक्ष्ममाला (upapakṣmamālā)
The alternative name given by the commentary for pakṣmakopa.
निर्भुज्य (nirbhujya)
Explained by the commentary as everting the eyelid and turning it upward.
दोषोपहता वलि (doṣopahatā vali)
The eyelid fold described as affected by doṣa.
प्रतिसारण (pratisāraṇa)
Here, cauterizing or treating the affected fold with the stated fire or alkaline agent.

Adhikarana ௪ (௮) · Śloka ௮

சித்வா ஸமஂ வாऽப்யுபபக்ஷ்மமாலாஂ ஸம்யக்கஹீத்வா படிஶைஸ்த்ரிபிஸ்து | பத்யாபலேந ப்ரதிஸாரயேத்து கஷ்டேந வா தௌவரகேண ஸம்யக் ||௮||

View original

छित्वा समं वाऽप्युपपक्ष्ममालां सम्यग्गृहीत्वा बडिशैस्त्रिभिस्तु | पथ्याफलेन प्रतिसारयेत्तु घृष्टेन वा तौवरकेण सम्यक् ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

Alternatively, after properly grasping the upapakṣmamālā with three hooks, the practitioner should divide or remove it evenly. The treated site is then to be rubbed properly with the fruit of pathyā ground in water, or with tauvaraka prepared by grinding.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

க்ஷாராக்நிப்யாமப்யப்ரஶாம்யந்த்யாமுபபக்ஷ்மமாலாயாஂ வித்யந்தரமாஹ- சித்த்வா ஸமமித்யாதி| சித்த்வா த்விதா பாவஂ நீத்வா, உத்பாட்யேத்யர்தஃ| ஸமம் ஏககாலம்| உபபக்ஷ்மமாலாஂ ‘தோஷாஃ பக்ஷ்மாஶயகதாஸ்தீக்ஷ்ணாக்ராணி கராணி ச’ இத்யாத்யுக்தலக்ஷணாம்| பத்யாபலேந ஜலகஷ்டேந ப்ரதிஸாரயேத்| கேசித் ‘பிஷ்டேந’ இதி படந்தி||௮||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary presents this as another procedure when upapakṣmamālā has not subsided even after the use of alkaline cautery and fire cautery. It explains chittvā as bringing the structure into two parts, that is, uprooting or removing it, and sama as doing so at one time. Upapakṣmamālā is the condition previously characterized by doṣas lodged at the eyelash base, producing eyelashes with sharp and rough tips. The site is to be rubbed with the fruit of pathyā ground in water. Some authorities read piṣṭena, 'made into a paste,' in place of the transmitted wording.

Key terms

उपपक्ष्ममाला (upapakṣmamālā)
The eyelash disorder described as involving sharp, rough eyelash tips.
बडिश (baḍiśa)
A hook used to grasp the affected structure in the historical procedure.
पथ्याफल (pathyāphala)
The fruit called pathyā, prescribed here after grinding it in water.
तौवरक (tauvaraka)
A substance named as an alternative historical application in the verse.
प्रतिसारण (pratisāraṇa)
Rubbing or applying the stated preparation to the treated site.

Adhikarana ௫ (௯) · Śloka ௯

சத்வார ஏதே விதயோ விஹந்துஂ பக்ஷ்மோபரோதஂ பதகேவ ஶஸ்தாஃ | விரேசநாஶ்ச்யோதநதூமநஸ்யலேபாஞ்ஜநஸ்நேஹரஸக்ரியாஶ்ச ||௯||

View original

चत्वार एते विधयो विहन्तुं पक्ष्मोपरोधं पृथगेव शस्ताः | विरेचनाश्च्योतनधूमनस्यलेपाञ्जनस्नेहरसक्रियाश्च ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

These four methods are each recommended for counteracting pakṣmoparodha: purgation, eye drops, medicated smoke, nasal treatment, topical applications, collyrium, oleation, and concentrated preparations.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

உக்தமேவோபஸஂஹரந்நாஹ- சத்வார இத்யாதி| சத்வார ஏத இதி ஶஸ்த்ராக்நிக்ஷாரபேஷஜாநி| பக்ஷ்மோபரோதஂ பக்ஷ்மப்ரகோபம்| விஹந்துஂ விகட்டயிதுஂ ந புநஃ ஸர்வதா ஶமயிதுஂ, தஸ்ய யாப்யத்வாத்| ததாऽபிஷ்யந்தோக்தா விரேசநாதயோ யதாவஸ்தமுபயுக்தாஃ பதகேவ பக்ஷ்மோபரோதஂ விஹந்துஂ ஸமர்தாஃ| ரஸக்ரியாஶ்சேத்யத்ர சகாராதுபபக்ஷ்மோத்பாடநம்||௯||

Meaning of the commentary

In summarizing the treatment already stated, the commentary explains that the four methods are the use of instruments, heat, alkaline substances, and medicines. Pakṣmoparodha is identified with pakṣmaprakopa. Here vihantuṃ means to check or disrupt the disorder, rather than to cure it completely, because it is considered manageable but persistent. Purgation and the other measures taught for abhiṣyanda may each, when selected according to the condition, help control pakṣmoparodha. The conjunction after rasakriyā also includes removal of subsidiary eyelashes.

Key terms

पक्ष्मोपरोध (pakṣmoparodha)
The eyelash-related disorder discussed here, equated by the commentary with pakṣmaprakopa.
शस्त्राग्निक्षारभेषज (śastra-agni-kṣāra-bheṣaja)
The four therapeutic categories identified by the commentary: instruments, heat, alkaline substances, and medicines.
विरेचन (virecana)
Purgation, listed among measures adapted from the treatment of abhiṣyanda.
रसक्रिया (rasakriyā)
A concentrated medicinal preparation included among the stated treatments.
उपपक्ष्मोत्पाटन (upapakṣmotpāṭana)
Removal of subsidiary or abnormal eyelashes, included by implication in the commentary.

Adhikarana புஷ்பிகா · Śloka ௧௬

இதி ஸுஶ்ருதஸஂஹிதாயாமுத்தரதந்த்ராந்தர்கதே ஶாலாக்யதந்த்ரே பக்ஷ்மகதரோகப்ரதிஷேதோ நாம ஷோடஶோऽத்யாயஃ ||௧௬||

View original

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे पक्ष्मगतरोगप्रतिषेधो नाम षोडशोऽध्यायः ||१६||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the sixteenth chapter, entitled ‘Prevention and Treatment of Diseases Affecting the Eyelashes,’ in the Śālākya section of the Uttaratantra of the Suśruta Saṃhitā.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

இதி ஶ்ரீடல்ஹ(ஹ்ல)ணவிரசிதாயாஂ நிபந்தஸங்க்ரஹாக்யாயாஂ ஸுஶ்ருதவ்யாக்யாயாமுத்தரதந்த்ராந்தர்கதே ஶாலாக்யதந்த்ரே ஷோடஶோऽத்யாயஃ||௧௬||

Meaning of the commentary

Thus ends the sixteenth chapter of the Śālākya section within the Uttaratantra in the Suśruta commentary called Nibandhasaṅgraha, composed by Śrī Dalhaṇa. The supplied source preserves the commentator's name in the variant-looking form Dalha(hla)ṇa.

Key terms

पक्ष्मगतरोगप्रतिषेध (pakṣmagata-roga-pratiṣedha)
The chapter title, concerning prevention and treatment of diseases situated in or affecting the eyelashes.
शालाक्यतन्त्र (śālākyatantra)
The textual and clinical section in which this chapter is placed.
उत्तरतन्त्र (uttaratantra)
The division of the Suśruta Saṃhitā containing this chapter.
निबन्धसङ्ग्रह (Nibandhasaṅgraha)
The title of Dalhaṇa's commentary.
← 15. chēdyarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ17. dr̥ṣṭigatarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ →