௨. ஸஂதிகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயாத்யாயஃ

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Adhikarana ௧ (௧-௨) · Śloka ௨

அதாதஃ ஸந்திகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயமத்யாயஂ வ்யாக்யாஸ்யாமஃ ||௧|| யதோவாச பகவாந் தந்வந்தரிஃ ||௨||

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अथातः सन्धिगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now the chapter concerning the recognition of diseases situated at the junctions of the eye will be explained, as taught by the venerable Dhanvantari.

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பூர்வஸ்மிந்நத்யாயே ஸந்த்யாதிக்ரமேண நயநகதரோகா அபிஹிதாஃ, அத ஔபத்ரவிகாநந்தரஂ ப்ராக் ஸந்திகதா ரோகாஃ ப்ரதிபாத்யா பவந்தீத்யத ஆஹ- அதாத இத்யாதி| கதஶப்த ஆஶ்ரயவசநஃ||௧-௨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the chapter's sequence. The preceding chapter presented diseases of the eye in an order beginning with the junctions; therefore, after the Aupadravika chapter, the diseases located at those junctions are described first. It adds that gata indicates the site or locus in which a disease is situated.

Key terms

सन्धिगत (sandhigata): Situated at the junctional regions of the eye.
रोगविज्ञानीय (rogavijñānīya): Concerning the recognition or understanding of diseases.
गत (gata): A word understood here as indicating the site or locus of a disorder.
धन्वन्तरि (Dhanvantari): The authoritative teacher to whom the teaching is attributed.

Adhikarana ௨ (௩) · Śloka ௩

பூயாலஸஃ ஸோபநாஹஃ ஸ்ராவாஃ பர்வணிகாऽலஜீ | க்ரிமிக்ரந்திஶ்ச விஜ்ஞேயா ரோகாஃ ஸந்திகதா நவ ||௩||

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पूयालसः सोपनाहः स्रावाः पर्वणिकाऽलजी | क्रिमिग्रन्थिश्च विज्ञेया रोगाः सन्धिगता नव ||३||

Meaning of the śloka

Nine diseases are to be recognized as occurring at the junctions of the eye: pūyālasa, upanāha, the discharges, parvaṇikā, alajī, and krimigranthi.

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ஸ்ராவாஃ சத்வாரஃ பூயாஸ்ராவ இத்யாதயஃ||௩||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary clarifies that the plural 'discharges' represents four disorders, beginning with pūyāsrāva. Together with the other named conditions, these make the stated total of nine junctional diseases.

Key terms

पूयालस (pūyālasa): A named junctional eye disorder listed in this classification.
उपनाह (upanāha): A named disease situated at an ocular junction.
स्राव (srāva): Ocular discharge; the commentary states that four discharge disorders are included.
कृमिग्रन्थि (krimigranthi): A named junctional disorder described literally as a krimi-associated swelling or nodule.

Adhikarana ௩ (௪) · Śloka ௪

பக்வஃ ஶோபஃ ஸந்திஜஃ ஸஂஸ்ரவேத்யஃ ஸாந்த்ரஂ பூயஂ பூதி பூயாலஸஃ ஸஃ |௪|

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पक्वः शोफः सन्धिजः संस्रवेद्यः सान्द्रं पूयं पूति पूयालसः सः |४|

Meaning of the śloka

A mature swelling arising at an ocular junction that discharges thick, foul-smelling pus is called pūyālasa.

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Meaning of the commentary

Beginning the individual descriptions of the nine disorders, the commentary specifies that the junction meant here is the kanīna junction. It explains pūti as foul-smelling, attributes this disorder to the combined involvement of the doṣas (sannipāta), and classifies it as treatable in the text's historical prognosis.

Key terms

पक्व शोफ (pakva śopha): A swelling described as mature or suppurated.
कनीनसन्धि (kanīna-sandhi): The particular ocular junction identified by the commentary as the site of this disorder.
सान्द्र पूय (sāndra pūya): Thick pus discharged from the swelling.
सन्निपातज (sannipātaja): Attributed by the commentary to the combined involvement of the doṣas.

Adhikarana ௪ (௪) · Śloka ௪

க்ரந்திர்நால்போ தஷ்டிஸந்தாவபாகஃ கண்டூப்ராயோ நீருஜஸ்தூபநாஹஃ ||௪||

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ग्रन्थिर्नाल्पो दृष्टिसन्धावपाकः कण्डूप्रायो नीरुजस्तूपनाहः ||४||

Meaning of the śloka

Upanāha is described as a large nodular swelling at the junction of the eye, showing little suppuration, chiefly characterized by itching, and free from pain.

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க்ரந்திரித்யாதி| நால்போ மஹாநித்யர்தஃ| அபாக ஈஷத்பாகஃ| உபநாஹஃ ஶ்லேஷ்மோபநாஹஃ| கபஜோऽயஂ ஸாத்யஶ்ச||௪||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that nālpa means large and that apāka indicates only slight suppuration. It identifies the condition as śleṣmopanāha, states that it arises from kapha, and classifies it as treatable.

Key terms

उपनाह (upanāha): The named nodular disorder of an ocular junction described in this passage.
ग्रन्थि (granthi): A knot-like or nodular swelling.
दृष्टिसन्धि (dṛṣṭi-sandhi): A junctional region of the eye in the text's anatomical classification.
अपाक (apāka): Explained by the commentary here as slight suppuration.

Adhikarana ௫ (௫-௭) · Śloka ௭

கத்வா ஸந்தீநஶ்ருமார்கேண தோஷாஃ குர்யுஃ ஸ்ராவாந் ருக்விஹீநாந் கநீநாத் | தாந் வை ஸ்ராவாந் நேத்ரநாடீமதைகே தஸ்யா லிங்கஂ கீர்தயிஷ்யே சதுர்தா ||௫|| பாகஃ ஸந்தௌ ஸஂஸ்ரவேத்யஶ்ச பூயஂ பூயாஸ்ராவோ நைகரூபஃ ப்ரதிஷ்டஃ | ஶ்வேதஂ ஸாந்த்ரஂ பிச்சிலஂ ஸஂஸ்ரவேத்யஃ ஶ்லேஷ்மாஸ்ராவோ நீருஜஃ ஸ ப்ரதிஷ்டஃ ||௬|| ரக்தாஸ்ராவஃ ஶோணிதோத்தஃ ஸரக்தமுஷ்ணஂ நால்பஂ ஸஂஸ்ரவேந்நாதிஸாந்த்ரம் | பீதாபாஸஂ நீலமுஷ்ணஂ ஜலாபஂ பித்தாஸ்ராவஃ ஸஂஸ்ரவேத் ஸந்திமத்யாத் ||௭||

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गत्वा सन्धीनश्रुमार्गेण दोषाः कुर्युः स्रावान् रुग्विहीनान् कनीनात् | तान् वै स्रावान् नेत्रनाडीमथैके तस्या लिङ्गं कीर्तयिष्ये चतुर्धा ||५|| पाकः सन्धौ संस्रवेद्यश्च पूयं पूयास्रावो नैकरूपः प्रदिष्टः | श्वेतं सान्द्रं पिच्छिलं संस्रवेद्यः श्लेष्मास्रावो नीरुजः स प्रदिष्टः ||६|| रक्तास्रावः शोणितोत्थः सरक्तमुष्णं नाल्पं संस्रवेन्नातिसान्द्रम् | पीताभासं नीलमुष्णं जलाभं पित्तास्रावः संस्रवेत् सन्धिमध्यात् ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

When the doṣas travel through the tear passage to the junctions of the eye, they produce painless discharges from the kanīnaka region; some call these disorders netranāḍī. Their four forms are described as follows. Pūyāsrāva is a variable discharge of pus from suppuration at the junction. Śleṣmāsrāva is a painless, white, thick, slimy discharge. Raktāsrāva, arising from blood, discharges a warm, blood-tinged, copious fluid that is not extremely thick. Pittāsrāva releases from the middle of the junction a warm, water-like fluid described as yellowish or blue.

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ஸந்தயோ நேத்ராந்தர்கதாஶ்சத்வாரஃ| அஶ்ருமார்கஶப்தேநாத்ர ஸிரா அபிப்ரேதாஃ| ததாச விதேஹஃ,- “அஶ்ருஸ்ராவஃ ஸிரா கத்வா நேத்ரஸந்திஷு திஷ்டதி| ததஃ கநீநகஂ கத்வா சாஶ்ரு கத்வா கநீநகே|| ததஃ ஸ்ரவத்யதாஸ்ராவஂ யதாதோஷமவேதநம்”- இதி| அஶ்ருஸ்ராவஶப்தேநாத்ர தத்ஸஹிதோ தோஷோऽபிதீயதே| கதஂ சதுர்தேத்யாஹ- பாக இத்யாதி|- நைகரூப இதி அஸ்ய ஸந்நிபாதஜத்வாத்பஹுரூபத்வம்| ஸந்திரத்ர கநீநகஸந்திஃ| அஸாத்யோऽயம்| ஶ்வேத இத்யாதி|- அயமப்யஸாத்யஃ| ரக்தேத்யாதி|- அஸாவப்யஸாத்யஃ| பீதேத்யாதி|- கநீநகஸந்திமத்யாதித்யர்தஃ| வ்யாதிஸ்வபாவதோ வாதாஸ்ராவோ நாஸ்தி, பித்தஜகலகண்டசாதுர்திகவத்| ஏஷோऽப்யஸாத்யஃ||௫-௭||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that there are four internal junctions of the eye and understands aśrumārga here as the vessels. It cites Videha to explain that the doṣa, together with the tear-flow, reaches the ocular junctions and then the kanīnaka, from which a painless discharge occurs according to the doṣa. It explains that pūyāsrāva has varied appearances because it arises from sannipāta and locates the junction here at the kanīnaka. It classifies pūyāsrāva, śleṣmāsrāva, raktāsrāva, and pittāsrāva as untreatable. For pittāsrāva, it clarifies that the discharge comes from the middle of the kanīnaka junction. It also says that no vāta-origin discharge exists by the nature of this disease, comparing this absence with other traditional classifications.

Key terms

अश्रुमार्ग (aśrumārga): The tear passage, interpreted by the commentary here as vessels.
कनीनक (kanīnaka): The eye-junction region from which the discharges are described as emerging.
पूयास्राव (pūyāsrāva): A variably appearing purulent discharge attributed by the commentary to combined doṣa involvement.
श्लेष्मास्राव (śleṣmāsrāva): A white, thick, slimy, painless ocular discharge attributed to śleṣman.
रक्तास्राव (raktāsrāva): A warm, blood-tinged and relatively fluid ocular discharge associated with blood.
पित्तास्राव (pittāsrāva): A warm, water-like, yellowish or blue discharge attributed to pitta.

Adhikarana ௬ (௮) · Śloka ௮

தாம்ரா தந்வீ தாஹஶூலோபபந்நா ரக்தாஜ்ஜ்ஞேயா பர்வணீ வத்தஶோபா | ஜாதா ஸந்தௌ கஷ்ணஶுக்லேऽலஜீ ஸ்யாத்தஸ்மிந்நேவ க்யாபிதா பூர்வலிங்கைஃ ||௮||

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ताम्रा तन्वी दाहशूलोपपन्ना रक्ताज्ज्ञेया पर्वणी वृत्तशोफा | जाता सन्धौ कृष्णशुक्लेऽलजी स्यात्तस्मिन्नेव ख्यापिता पूर्वलिङ्गैः ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

Parvaṇī is described as a thin, copper-colored, round swelling arising from blood and accompanied by burning and pain. Alajī arises at the junction of the dark and white parts of the eye and is described by the same preceding signs.

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தாம்ரேத்யாதி| அஸாத்யோऽயம்| அலஜீத்யாதி| தஸ்மிந்நேவ கஷ்ணஶுக்லஸந்தாவேவ| பூர்வலிங்கைஃ பர்வணீலிங்கைரித்யர்தஃ| பர்வண்யலஜ்யோஃ ஸ்தாநஸ்ய லக்ஷணஸ்ய சைக்யேऽபி தநுத்வஸ்தூலத்வாப்யாஂ பேதஃ| தந்வீ பர்வணீ, ததஃ ஸ்தூலா புநரலஜீ| இயஂ ஸந்நிபாதஜா அஸாத்யா ச||௮||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary classifies parvaṇī as untreatable. It locates alajī at that same junction of the dark and white parts and explains that its preceding signs are those of parvaṇī. Although the two conditions share their location and signs, they are distinguished by thickness: parvaṇī is thin, whereas alajī is thicker. Alajī is attributed to the combined doṣas and is also classified as untreatable.

Key terms

पर्वणी (parvaṇī): A thin, round, copper-colored swelling at an ocular junction, accompanied by burning and pain.
अलजी (alajī): A thicker swelling at the junction of the dark and white ocular regions, sharing the signs attributed to parvaṇī.
कृष्णशुक्लसन्धि (kṛṣṇa-śukla-sandhi): The junction between the dark and white regions of the eye in the text's anatomy.
सन्निपातज (sannipātaja): Arising from the combined involvement of the doṣas, as stated for alajī.

Adhikarana ௭ (௯) · Śloka ௯

க்ரிமிக்ரந்திர்வர்த்மநஃ பக்ஷ்மணஶ்ச கண்டூஂ குர்யுஃ க்ரிமயஃ ஸந்திஜாதாஃ | நாநாரூபா வர்த்மஶுக்லஸ்ய ஸந்தௌ சரந்தோऽந்தர்நயநஂ தூஷயந்தி ||௯||

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क्रिमिग्रन्थिर्वर्त्मनः पक्ष्मणश्च कण्डूं कुर्युः क्रिमयः सन्धिजाताः | नानारूपा वर्त्मशुक्लस्य सन्धौ चरन्तोऽन्तर्नयनं दूषयन्ति ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

Krimigranthi is described at the junction of the eyelid and the white part of the eye. Organisms of various forms arising at this junction produce itching where the eyelid meets the eyelashes; moving within and feeding there, they injure or impair the eye.

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க்ரிமீத்யாதி| க்ரிமீக்ரந்திர்வர்த்மஶுக்லயோஃ ஸந்தௌ பவதி| தத்ரைவ நாநாரூபாஃ க்ரிமயோ வர்த்மநஃ பக்ஷ்மணஶ்ச ஸந்திஂ ப்ராப்தாஃ கண்டூஂ ஜநயந்தி, அந்தஶ்சரந்தோ பக்ஷயந்தோ நயநஂ தூஷயந்தி| அஸௌ கபஜஃ ஸாத்யஶ்ச||௯||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary locates krimigranthi specifically at the junction between the eyelid and the white of the eye. It explains that varied forms of krimi reach the junction of the eyelid and eyelashes, cause itching, and harm the eye while moving and feeding internally. It classifies the condition as arising from kapha and as treatable within the text's historical system.

Key terms

क्रिमिग्रन्थि (krimigranthi): A named disorder at the eyelid–ocular junction, associated here with itching and krimi.
वर्त्मशुक्लस्य सन्धि (vartma-śuklasya sandhi): The junction between the eyelid and the white part of the eye.
कण्डू (kaṇḍū): Itching, described as a principal feature of the condition.
क्रिमि (krimi): Organisms or parasitic agents invoked by the text in explaining the disorder; the term should remain within its classical context.
कफज (kaphaja): Classified by the commentary as arising from kapha.

Adhikarana புஷ்பிகா · Śloka ௨

இதி ஸுஶ்ருதஸஂஹிதாயாமுத்தரதந்த்ரே ஸந்திகதரோகவிஜ்ஞாநீயோ நாம த்விதீயோऽத்யயஃ ||௨||

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इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे सन्धिगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम द्वितीयोऽध्ययः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the second chapter of the Uttaratantra in the Suśruta Saṃhitā, entitled ‘Knowledge of Diseases Located at the Ocular Junctions’ (Saṃdhigatarogavijñānīya).

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இதி ஶ்ரீடல்ஹ(ஹ்ல)ணவிரசிதாயாஂ நிபந்தஸங்க்ரஹாக்யாயாஂ ஸுஶ்ருதவ்யாக்யாமுத்தரதந்த்ராந்தர்கதே ஶாலாக்யதந்த்ரே த்விதீயோऽத்யாயஃ||௨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary colophon states that this is the second chapter in the Śālākyatantra section of the Uttaratantra commentary on Suśruta, called the Nibandhasaṅgraha and composed by Śrī Dalhaṇa. The supplied form ‘Dalha(hla)ṇa’ records a textual or editorial variation in the commentator's name.

Key terms

सन्धिगतरोगविज्ञानीय (saṃdhigatarogavijñānīya): The chapter title, concerning knowledge of disorders situated at the ocular junctions.
उत्तर तन्त्र (Uttaratantra): The division of the Suśruta Saṃhitā in which this chapter occurs.
शालाक्यतन्त्र (Śālākyatantra): The specialty section identified by the commentary colophon.
निबन्धसङ्ग्रह (Nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta Saṃhitā.

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