20. karṇagatarōgavijñānīyādhyāyaḥ

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Adhikarana 1 (1-2) · Śloka 2

athātaḥ karṇagatarōgavijñānīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ ||1|| yathōvāca bhagavān dhanvantariḥ ||2||

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अथातः कर्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerned with knowledge of diseases situated in the ear, as declared by the venerable Dhanvantari.

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indriyagatarōgasāmānyācchravaṇagatarōgavijñānīyārambhō yukta ityata āha- athāta ityādi| gataśabda āśritaparyāyaḥ||1-2||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that, after the general account of diseases affecting the sense organs, it is appropriate to begin the account of diseases affecting hearing. In the title, gata is explained as meaning 'situated in' or 'dependent upon.'

Key terms

karNagataroga (karṇagataroga): Diseases situated in or affecting the ear.
vij~jAnIya (vijñānīya): That which is to be known or understood.
gata: Explained here as situated in or dependent upon.

Adhikarana 2 (3-5) · Śloka 5

karṇaśūlaṁ praṇādaśca bādhiryaṁ kṣvēḍa ēva ca | karṇasrāvaḥ karṇakaṇḍūḥ karṇavarcastathaiva ca ||3|| kr̥mikarṇapratināhau vidradhirdvividhastathā | karṇapākaḥ pūtikarṇastathaivārśaścaturvidham ||4|| karṇārbudaṁ saptavidhaṁ śōphaścāpi caturvidhaḥ | ētē karṇagatā rōgā aṣṭāviṁśatirīritāḥ ||5||

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कर्णशूलं प्रणादश्च बाधिर्यं क्ष्वेड एव च | कर्णस्रावः कर्णकण्डूः कर्णवर्चस्तथैव च ||३|| कृमिकर्णप्रतिनाहौ विद्रधिर्द्विविधस्तथा | कर्णपाकः पूतिकर्णस्तथैवार्शश्चतुर्विधम् ||४|| कर्णार्बुदं सप्तविधं शोफश्चापि चतुर्विधः | एते कर्णगता रोगा अष्टाविंशतिरीरिताः ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

The ear diseases are listed as karṇaśūla, praṇāda, deafness, kṣveḍa, ear discharge, itching of the ear, karṇavarcas, kṛmikarṇa, obstruction of the ear, two kinds of vidradhi, suppuration of the ear, pūtikarṇa, four kinds of arśas, seven kinds of arbuda, and four kinds of swelling. In all, twenty-eight diseases affecting the ear are taught.

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tānēva karṇagatarōgānnāmabhiḥ saṅkhyayā cāha- karṇaśūlamityādi| karṇaśūlasya kaṣṭasādhyatvāt prāgēva nirdēśaḥ| vidradhirdvividhaḥ- dōṣavidradhiḥ kṣatavidradhiśca; arśaścaturvidhaṁ- vātapittakaphasannipātaiḥ; arbudaṁ saptavidhaṁ- vātēna pittēna kaphēna cāpi raktēna māṁsēna ca mēdasā ca, saptamaṁ śālākyatantrē; śōphaścaturvidhaḥ- vātapittakaphasannipātaiḥ| saṅkhyēyanirdēśādēva saṅkhyāyāṁ labdhāyāmaṣṭāviṁśatiriti bhūyaḥ saṅkhyākaraṇaṁ niyamārthaṁ, tēna ca vidēhasaṅkhyayā adhikatvaṁ mā bhūdityarthaḥ||3-5||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies the diseases by name and number. Karṇaśūla is mentioned first because it is difficult to treat. Vidradhi is of two kinds: one caused by doṣas and one caused by injury. Arśas has four forms arising from vāta, pitta, kapha, and their combined involvement. Arbuda has seven forms—those associated with vāta, pitta, kapha, rakta, māṃsa, and medas, together with a seventh described in Śālākya-tantra. Swelling has four forms according to vāta, pitta, kapha, and their combination. Although the number could be derived from the individual categories, the total of twenty-eight is stated again to fix the count and prevent its enlargement according to Videha's enumeration.

Key terms

karNashUla (karṇaśūla): Pain in the ear; placed first because the commentary regards it as difficult to treat.
praNAda (praṇāda): A named ear disorder characterized later in the chapter by hearing varied sounds.
vidradhi: A localized inflammatory lesion classified here as doṣa-caused or injury-caused.
arbuda: A growth or swelling category said here to have seven forms.
aShTAviMshati (aṣṭāviṃśati): Twenty-eight, the fixed total of ear diseases in this enumeration.

Adhikarana 3 (6) · Śloka 6

samīraṇaḥ śrōtragatō'nyathācaraḥ samantataḥ śūlamatīva karṇayōḥ | karōti dōṣaiśca yathāsvamāvr̥taḥ sa karṇaśūlaḥ kathitō durācaraḥ ||6||

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समीरणः श्रोत्रगतोऽन्यथाचरः समन्ततः शूलमतीव कर्णयोः | करोति दोषैश्च यथास्वमावृतः स कर्णशूलः कथितो दुराचरः ||६||

Meaning of the śloka

When samīraṇa, moving abnormally within the auditory organ and obstructed according to the involvement of the respective doṣas, produces very severe pain throughout the ears, the difficult-to-treat condition is called karṇaśūla.

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karṇaśūlamāha- samīraṇa ityādi| anyathācara iti vimārgagaḥ| samantataḥ śūlamatīva karṇayōḥ karōtīti sambandhanīyam| dōṣaiḥ kaphapittaraktaiḥ, anyē tu vāyōrēva vāyvantarāvaraṇādbahuvacanaṁ samarthayanti| svasya svasya dōṣasya anatikramēṇa yathāsvam| durācarō duḥkhēnōpacaryata ityarthaḥ| anyē ‘durāsada’ iti paṭhanti, durvāra iti vyākhyānayanti| yadyapi śūlabādhiryavidradhyarśōrbudaśōphāḥ prāṅnirdiṣṭāstathā'pi karṇarōgasaṅgrahārthaṁ sādhyāsādhyavibhāgārthaṁ ca punarnirdiṣṭāḥ; śūlastu vātavyādhinidānē kēvalavātaja uktaḥ atra punardōṣairāvr̥ta iti na paunaruktyam||6||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains 'moving abnormally' as moving along an improper path and connects the wording with the production of very severe pain throughout the ears. The obstructing doṣas are understood as kapha, pitta, and rakta. Other interpreters explain the plural by obstruction of one form of vāyu by another form of vāyu. Yathāsvam means without departing from the character of each respective doṣa. Durācara means difficult to treat; another reading is durāsada, explained as difficult to restrain. Although pain, deafness, vidradhi, arśas, arbuda, and swelling were mentioned earlier, they are described again to assemble the ear diseases and distinguish what is treatable from what is not. This account is also distinguished from the ear pain attributed to vāta alone in the chapter on vāta disorders, because here vāta is obstructed by other doṣas.

Key terms

samIraNa (samīraṇa): Vāta or vāyu as the moving principle implicated in the described ear pain.
anyathAcara (anyathācara): Moving abnormally or along an improper path.
AvRuta (āvṛta): Obstructed or enclosed by another doṣic factor.
karNashUla (karṇaśūla): The named condition of intense pain in the ear.
durAcara (durācara): Difficult to treat; a variant reads durāsada, difficult to restrain.

Adhikarana 4 (7) · Śloka 7

yadā tu nāḍīṣu vimārgamāgataḥ sa ēva śabdābhivahāsu tiṣṭhati | śr̥ṇōti śabdān vividhāṁstadā naraḥ praṇādamēnaṁ kathayanti cāmayam ||7||

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यदा तु नाडीषु विमार्गमागतः स एव शब्दाभिवहासु तिष्ठति | शृणोति शब्दान् विविधांस्तदा नरः प्रणादमेनं कथयन्ति चामयम् ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

When that same vāyu takes an abnormal course and remains in the channels that convey sound, the person hears various sounds. This disorder is called praṇāda.

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karṇanādamāha- yadā tu nāḍīṣvityādi| vimārgamāgataḥ viruddhamārgaṁ prāptaḥ, vimārgō'tra śira ēva, vimārgagaḥ tiryaggō yadā tiṣṭhati, (sa ēvētyēvaśabdēna kaphādyāvaraṇāvr̥taḥ| anyē tu śabdavahāsu nāḍīṣu sa ēva vāyurvimārgagō yadā niruddhyati) tadā vividhān śabdān naraḥ śr̥ṇōtīti vyākhyānayanti| asya rōgasyāpīḍākaratvādarōgatvaṁ mā bhūditi dyōtanārthamāmayavacanam||7||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the abnormal course as movement along an opposed path, here associated with the head and described as transverse movement. One explanation understands 'that same' vāyu as obstructed by kapha and other factors. Other interpreters say that the same abnormally moving vāyu becomes confined in the sound-carrying channels, causing the person to hear varied sounds. The word āmaya, 'disorder,' is used to make clear that the condition is a disease even though it is not necessarily painful.

Key terms

vimArga (vimārga): An abnormal or opposed course of movement.
shabdAbhivahA nADI (śabdābhivahā nāḍī): A channel described as carrying sound.
praNAda (praṇāda): The named disorder in which varied sounds are heard.
Amaya (āmaya): Disease or disorder, used here to affirm its pathological status despite absence of pain.

Adhikarana 5 (8) · Śloka 8

sa ēva śabdānuvahā yadā sirāḥ kaphānuyātō vyanusr̥tya tiṣṭhati | tadā narasyāpratikārasēvinō bhavēttu bādhiryamasaṁśayaṁ khalu ||8||

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स एव शब्दानुवहा यदा सिराः कफानुयातो व्यनुसृत्य तिष्ठति | तदा नरस्याप्रतिकारसेविनो भवेत्तु बाधिर्यमसंशयं खलु ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

When that same vāyu, accompanied by kapha, spreads through and remains in the channels that convey sound, a person who does not undertake treatment certainly develops bādhirya.

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bādhiryamāha- sa ēva śabdānuvahā ityādi| sa ēva śuddhō vāyuḥ kaphānuyātaḥ kaphānugataḥ| sa ēvētyatrāpiśabdō luptō draṣṭavyaḥ, tēna na kēvalaṁ śuddhō vāyuḥ ślēṣmānvitō'pi vētyarthaḥ| vyanusr̥tya vividhamārgamāvr̥tya| apratikārasēvinaḥ cikitsāmakurvataḥ||8||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that the same vāyu may be present in a pure state or accompanied by kapha. It considers a word meaning 'also' to be understood after 'that same,' showing that the condition may arise not only from vāyu alone but also from vāyu joined with śleṣman. Vyanusṛtya is explained as covering or obstructing various pathways. Apratikārasevin means a person who does not undertake treatment.

Key terms

shabdAnuvahA sirA (śabdānuvahā sirā): Channels described as conveying sound.
kaphAnuyAta (kaphānuyāta): Accompanied or followed by kapha.
vyanusRutya (vyanusṛtya): Explained here as spreading through and obstructing various pathways.
bAdhirya (bādhirya): Loss or marked impairment of hearing in this passage.
apratikArasevin (apratikārasevin): One who does not undertake treatment.

Adhikarana 6 (9) · Śloka 9

śramāt kṣayādrūkṣakaṣāyabhōjanāt samīraṇaḥ śabdapathē pratiṣṭhitaḥ | viriktaśīrṣasya ca śītasēvinaḥ karōti hi kṣvēḍamatīva karṇayōḥ ||9||

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श्रमात् क्षयाद्रूक्षकषायभोजनात् समीरणः शब्दपथे प्रतिष्ठितः | विरिक्तशीर्षस्य च शीतसेविनः करोति हि क्ष्वेडमतीव कर्णयोः ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

Following exertion, depletion, or consumption of dry and astringent food, and in a person whose head has been purged and who then takes cold exposure, samīraṇa becomes established in the pathway of sound and produces an intense kṣveḍa sound in the ears.

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karṇakṣvēḍamāha- śramādityādi| kṣayō dhātukṣayaḥ| kṣvēḍaḥ śabdaḥ| karṇanādaḥ kēvalavātārabdhō nānāvidhaśabdānvitaḥ, karṇakṣvēḍastu dōṣasaṁsr̥ṣṭavātārabdhō vaṁśaghōṣānukāriśabdānvitaḥ| tathā ca vidēhaḥ,- “mārutaḥ kaphavātābhyāṁ saṁsr̥ṣṭaḥ śōṇitēna ca| karṇakṣvēḍanaṁ sañjanayēt kṣvēḍanaṁ vēṇughōṣavat”- iti; ēṣa karṇanādakṣvēḍayōrbhēdaḥ||9||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains kṣaya as depletion of the bodily tissues and kṣveḍa as a sound. It distinguishes two classical categories: karṇanāda is attributed to vāta alone and involves varied sounds, whereas karṇakṣveḍa is attributed to vāta combined with doṣas and has a sound compared to that of a bamboo flute. A citation from Videha says that māruta combined with kapha, vāta, and blood produces karṇakṣveḍana, with a sound like a bamboo tone. This is presented as the distinction between karṇanāda and karṇakṣveḍa.

Key terms

kShaya (kṣaya): Explained by the commentary as depletion of bodily tissues.
shabdapatha (śabdapatha): The pathway of sound in which samīraṇa is said to become established.
karNakShveDa (karṇakṣveḍa): A named ear-sound disorder distinguished by the commentary through its doṣic association and bamboo-like sound.
karNanAda (karṇanāda): A named ear-sound disorder attributed here to vāta alone and characterized by varied sounds.
veNughoSha (veṇughoṣa): A bamboo- or flute-like sound used in the cited comparison.

Adhikarana 7 (10) · Śloka 10

śirōbhighātādathavā nimajjatō jalē prapākādathavā'pi vidradhēḥ | sravēttu pūyaṁ śravaṇō'nilāvr̥taḥ sa karṇasaṁsrāva iti prakīrtitaḥ ||10||

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शिरोभिघातादथवा निमज्जतो जले प्रपाकादथवाऽपि विद्रधेः | स्रवेत्तु पूयं श्रवणोऽनिलावृतः स कर्णसंस्राव इति प्रकीर्तितः ||१०||

Meaning of the śloka

Following an injury to the head, immersion in water, or the suppuration of a vidradhi in the ear, the ear passage, obstructed by vata, may discharge pus. This condition is described as karna-samsrava.

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karṇasrāvamāha- śirōbhighātādityādi| vidradhēḥ karṇavidradhēḥ||10||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies this verse as the description of karna-srava and specifies that vidradhi here means an abscess of the ear.

Key terms

शिरोभिघात (śirobhighāta): injury or trauma to the head
विद्रधि (vidradhi): an abscess; interpreted here as an abscess of the ear
कर्णसंस्राव (karṇa-saṃsrāva): the ear disorder characterized here by purulent discharge

Adhikarana 8 (11) · Śloka 11

kaphēna kaṇḍūḥ pracitēna karṇayōrbhr̥śaṁ bhavēt srōtasi karṇasañjñitē |11|

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कफेन कण्डूः प्रचितेन कर्णयोर्भृशं भवेत् स्रोतसि कर्णसञ्ज्ञिते |११|

Meaning of the śloka

When kapha accumulates in the passage called the ear canal, intense itching develops in the ears.

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karṇakaṇḍūmāha- kaphēnētyādi| karṇayōḥ pracitēna sañcitēna ślēṣmaṇā karṇasrōtasi bhr̥śamatyarthaṁ kaṇḍūrbhavēditi sambandhaḥ|11|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that pracita means accumulated: markedly severe itching occurs in the ear passage because shleshma has collected there.

Key terms

कफ (kapha): the dosha said here to accumulate in the ear passage
कण्डू (kaṇḍū): itching
कर्णस्रोतस् (karṇa-srotas): the passage or channel of the ear

Adhikarana 9 (11) · Śloka 11

viśōṣitē ślēṣmaṇi pittatējasā nr̥ṇāṁ bhavēt srōtasi karṇagūthakaḥ ||11||

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विशोषिते श्लेष्मणि पित्ततेजसा नृणां भवेत् स्रोतसि कर्णगूथकः ||११||

Meaning of the śloka

When shleshma accumulated in the ear passage is dried by the heat of pitta, karna-guthaka forms.

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karṇagūthakamāha- viśōṣita ityādi| srōtasi sañcitē ślēṣmaṇi pittatējasā viśōṣitē sati karṇagūthakō bhavēditi sambandhaḥ||11||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary makes the sequence explicit: shleshma first accumulates in the ear passage and, when dried by the heat of pitta, becomes karna-guthaka.

Key terms

श्लेष्मन् (śleṣman): kapha or a cohesive substance said here to collect in the ear passage
पित्ततेजस् (pitta-tejas): the drying heat attributed to pitta in this account
कर्णगूथक (karṇa-gūthaka): the compact ear substance or disorder formed through the stated drying process

Adhikarana 10 (12) · Śloka 12

sa karṇaviṭkō dravatāṁ yadā gatō vilāyitō ghrāṇamukhaṁ prapadyatē | tadā sa karṇapratināhasañjñitō bhavēdvikāraḥ śirasō'bhitāpanaḥ ||12||

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स कर्णविट्को द्रवतां यदा गतो विलायितो घ्राणमुखं प्रपद्यते | तदा स कर्णप्रतिनाहसञ्ज्ञितो भवेद्विकारः शिरसोऽभितापनः ||१२||

Meaning of the śloka

When that ear matter becomes fluid, melts, and reaches the pathway of the nose and mouth, the disorder is called karna-pratinaha; it causes distress throughout the head.

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karṇapratināhamāha- sa karṇētyādi| vilayanaṁ punaḥ snēhasvēdābhyām| kaphamārutābhyāṁ sannipātēna vā vidēhōktatvāt| śirasō'bhitāpanaḥ sakalaśirōvikārakārītyarthaḥ||12||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that the melting or liquefaction occurs through oleation and fomentation. Citing Videha, it states that the condition may arise from kapha and vata or from the combined involvement of all three doshas. The phrase 'distressing the head' is explained as causing disorders affecting the whole head.

Key terms

कर्णविट्क (karṇa-viṭka): matter or accumulated material in the ear referred to from the preceding description
कर्णप्रतिनाह (karṇa-pratināha): the named ear disorder in which liquefied ear matter is described as extending toward the nasal and oral pathway
स्नेहस्वेद (sneha-sveda): oleation and fomentation, stated by the commentary as causes of liquefaction
सान्निपात (sannipāta): combined involvement of the three doshas

Adhikarana 11 (13) · Śloka 13

yadā tu mūrcchantyathavā'pi jantavaḥ sr̥jantyapatyānyathavā'pi makṣikāḥ | tadañjanatvācchravaṇō nirucyatē bhiṣagbhirādyaiḥ kr̥mikarṇakō gadaḥ ||13||

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यदा तु मूर्च्छन्त्यथवाऽपि जन्तवः सृजन्त्यपत्यान्यथवाऽपि मक्षिकाः | तदञ्जनत्वाच्छ्रवणो निरुच्यते भिषग्भिराद्यैः कृमिकर्णको गदः ||१३||

Meaning of the śloka

When organisms fall into or develop within the ear, or when flies produce offspring there, the ancient physicians call the resulting disorder krimi-karnaka because the ear has become associated with such organisms.

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kr̥mikarṇamāha- yadētyādi| mūrcchanti patanti| jantavō māṁsakōthajāḥ kr̥mayaḥ| apatyāni sūkṣmakr̥mīn| makṣikā mambhaṇākhyā nīlamakṣikāḥ| tadañjanatvādityādi| ādyairbhiṣagbhistadañjanatvācchravaṇaḥ kr̥mikarṇakō nirukta iti sambandhaḥ| tadañjanatvāt kr̥milakṣaṇatvāt| ādyairbhiṣagbhiḥ vidēhādibhiḥ| ayaṁ rōgaḥ sānnipātikaḥ, vidēhaprōktatvāt||13||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains murcchanti as 'fall' and identifies the organisms as krimi arising from putrefied flesh. 'Offspring' means minute krimi, while the flies are described as dark flies called mambhana. It connects the name krimi-karnaka with the characteristic presence of krimi in the ear and attributes this explanation to earlier physicians such as Videha. On Videha's authority, it classifies the disorder as sannipatika, involving all three doshas.

Key terms

कृमि (krimi): organisms or worms described as arising in decomposed tissue
कृमिकर्णक (krimi-karṇaka): the named ear disorder characterized by the presence of krimi
मम्भणा (mambhaṇā): the commentary's name for the dark flies mentioned in this account
सान्निपातिक (sānnipātika): classified as involving all three doshas

Adhikarana 12 (14) · Śloka 14

kṣatābhighātaprabhavastu vidradhirbhavēttathā dōṣakr̥tō'paraḥ punaḥ | saraktapītāruṇamasramāsravēt pratōdadhūmāyanadāhacōṣavān ||14||

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क्षताभिघातप्रभवस्तु विद्रधिर्भवेत्तथा दोषकृतोऽपरः पुनः | सरक्तपीतारुणमस्रमास्रवेत् प्रतोदधूमायनदाहचोषवान् ||१४||

Meaning of the śloka

A vidradhi of the ear may arise from a wound or trauma, while another kind is produced by the doṣas. The trauma-born condition discharges fluid that is mixed with blood and is yellowish-red; it is accompanied by pricking pain, a sensation likened to smoke, burning, and a feeling as though the part were being sucked.

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karṇavidradhimāha- kṣatābhighātaprabhava ityādi| kṣatābhighātaprabhavastu vidradhirbhavēditi chēdaḥ| ētēna kṣatavidradhirdarśitaḥ| dōṣakr̥tō'paraḥ dōṣajanitō dvitīyō vidradhiḥ| ētēna dōṣajō darśitaḥ| sa caturvidhaḥ| kṣatavidradhērlakṣaṇamāha- saraktapītāruṇamityādi| asraṁ raktam| dhūmāyanaṁ dhūmōdvamanamiva vēdanāviśēṣaḥ| cōṣavān ācūṣyata iva| dōṣavidradhērlakṣaṇaṁ dōṣaliṅgairēva jñātavyam| saraktapittāruṇētyādinā karṇapākalakṣaṇamuktamiti kēcit kathayanti; tacca mahyaṁ na rōcatē, yatō jējjaṭādīnāmīdr̥śō'bhiprāyō nāsti||14||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary divides the statement to say that one vidradhi arises from a wound or trauma, establishing the traumatic type, and that a second arises from the doṣas, establishing the doṣaja type, which is fourfold. It explains asra as blood, dhūmāyana as a distinctive pain resembling the emission of smoke, and coṣa as a sensation as though the part were being sucked. The signs of a doṣaja vidradhi are to be recognized from the signs of the respective doṣas. Some interpreters say that the words beginning with blood-mixed, yellowish-red discharge describe karṇapāka, but the commentator rejects this because he finds no such intention in Jejjaṭa and the other earlier authorities.

Key terms

karNavidradhi (karṇavidradhi): The named suppurative swelling of the ear discussed in this passage.
kShatAbhighAtaprabhava (kṣatābhighātaprabhava): Arising from a wound or traumatic injury.
doShaja (doṣaja): Arising from the doṣas and recognized through their respective signs.
dhUmAyana (dhūmāyana): A distinctive painful sensation compared by the commentary to smoke being emitted.
coSha (coṣa): A sensation as though the affected part were being sucked.

Adhikarana 13 (15) · Śloka 15

bhavēt prapākaḥ khalu pittakōpatō vikōthaviklēdakaraśca karṇayōḥ |15|

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भवेत् प्रपाकः खलु पित्तकोपतो विकोथविक्लेदकरश्च कर्णयोः |१५|

Meaning of the śloka

Karṇapāka arises from an aggravation of pitta and causes vikotha and vikleda in the ears—destructive change and moist disintegration described in the classical terminology.

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karṇapākalakṣaṇamāha- bhavēt prapāka ityādi|15|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary simply introduces this verse as stating the signs of karṇapāka.

Key terms

karNapAka (karṇapāka): The named condition of pathological ripening or suppuration in the ear.
pittakopa: Aggravation of pitta, presented here as the cause.
vikotha: A destructive or putrefactive change attributed to the condition.
vikleda: Excessive moistening or disintegration attributed to the condition.

Adhikarana 14 (15) · Śloka 16

sthitē kaphē srōtasi pittatējasā vilāyyamānē bhr̥śasampratāpavān ||15|| avēdanō vā'pyathavā savēdanō ghanaṁ sravēt pūti ca pūtikarṇakaḥ |16|

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स्थिते कफे स्रोतसि पित्ततेजसा विलाय्यमाने भृशसम्प्रतापवान् ||१५|| अवेदनो वाऽप्यथवा सवेदनो घनं स्रवेत् पूति च पूतिकर्णकः |१६|

Meaning of the śloka

When kapha lodged in the ear channel is liquefied by the heat of pitta, there is intense heat. The condition called pūtikarṇaka may be either painless or painful and repeatedly discharges foul-smelling material.

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pūtikarṇamāha- sthita ityādi| ghanaṁ nirantaraṁ vāraṁvāramityarthaḥ| anyē ghanamiti pūyasya viśēṣaṇamāhuḥ| pūti pūyam||15||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies the condition as pūtikarṇa. It explains ghana as continuous or recurring again and again. Other interpreters instead take ghana as an adjective describing the pus as thick. Pūti is explained as foul or putrid pus.

Key terms

srotas: The ear channel in which kapha is said to be lodged.
pittatejas: The heat or fiery quality of pitta that liquefies the lodged kapha.
pUtikarNaka (pūtikarṇaka): The named ear condition characterized here by foul discharge.
ghana: Read either as continuous or recurrent discharge, or alternatively as describing the pus as thick.
pUti (pūti): Foul or putrid pus in this context.

Adhikarana 15 (16) · Śloka 16

pradiṣṭaliṅgānyaraśāṁsi tattvatastathaiva śōphārbudaliṅgamīritam | mayā purastāt prasamīkṣya yōjayēdihaiva tāvat prayatō bhiṣagvaraḥ ||16||

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प्रदिष्टलिङ्गान्यरशांसि तत्त्वतस्तथैव शोफार्बुदलिङ्गमीरितम् | मया पुरस्तात् प्रसमीक्ष्य योजयेदिहैव तावत् प्रयतो भिषग्वरः ||१६||

Meaning of the śloka

The signs already taught for arśas, and likewise the signs described for śopha and arbuda, should be carefully recognized and applied here by a diligent and accomplished physician.

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arśaḥśōphārbudānyāha- pradiṣṭētyādi| śōphārbudaliṅgaṁ śōphasya arbudasya ca lakṣaṇamityarthaḥ| tattvataḥ paramārthataḥ| prasamīkṣya jñātvā| prayōgajñō vaidyaḥ||16||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that this verse concerns arśas, śopha, and arbuda occurring in the ear. Śophārbudaliṅga means the signs of both śopha and arbuda; tattvataḥ means in their true or precise sense; and prasamīkṣya means after recognizing or assessing them. The final expression describes a physician skilled in clinical application.

Key terms

arshas (arśas): A named lesion whose previously taught signs are to be applied in the ear context.
shopha (śopha): Swelling; its previously described signs are referenced here.
arbuda: A named mass or growth whose previously described signs are referenced here.
prasamIkShya (prasamīkṣya): After carefully recognizing or assessing.
prayogaj~ja (prayogajña): A physician skilled in practical or clinical application.

Adhikarana puṣpikā · Śloka 20

iti suśrutasaṁhitāyāmuttaratantrāntargatē śālākyatantrē karṇagatarōgavijñānīyō nāma viṁśatitamō'dhyāyaḥ ||20||

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इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे कर्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम विंशतितमोऽध्यायः ||२०||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the twentieth chapter, entitled Knowledge of Diseases Affecting the Ear, in the Śālākya-tantra section of the Uttara-tantra of the Suśruta-saṃhitā.

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iti śrīḍalha(hla)ṇaviracitāyāṁ nibandhasaṅgrahākhyāyāṁ suśrutavyākhyāyāmuttaratantrāntargatē śālākyatantrē viṁśō'dhyāyaḥ||20||

Meaning of the commentary

Thus ends the twentieth chapter in the Śālākya-tantra portion of the Uttara-tantra in Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta-saṃhitā entitled Nibandhasaṅgraha. The supplied authorial name contains the uncertain or variant form Dalha(hla)ṇa.

Key terms

karNagatarogavij~jAnIya (karṇagatarogavijñānīya): Knowledge of diseases affecting the ear, the title of the chapter.
shAlAkyatantra (Śālākya-tantra): The textual division in which this chapter is placed.
nibandhasa~ggraha (Nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta-saṃhitā.

← 19. nayanābhighātapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ 21. karṇagatarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ →