೨೦. ಕರ್ಣಗತರೋಗವಿಜ್ಞಾನೀಯಾಧ್ಯಾಯಃ

Devanagari IAST (Roman)Telugu Tamil Malayalam Kannada Gujarati Bengali Gurmukhi

Show commentary

Adhikarana ೧ (೧-೨) · Śloka ೨

ಅಥಾತಃ ಕರ್ಣಗತರೋಗವಿಜ್ಞಾನೀಯಮಧ್ಯಾಯಂ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾಸ್ಯಾಮಃ ||೧|| ಯಥೋವಾಚ ಭಗವಾನ್ ಧನ್ವನ್ತರಿಃ ||೨||

View original

अथातः कर्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१|| यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

Meaning of the śloka

Now we shall explain the chapter concerned with knowledge of diseases situated in the ear, as declared by the venerable Dhanvantari.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಇನ್ದ್ರಿಯಗತರೋಗಸಾಮಾನ್ಯಾಚ್ಛ್ರವಣಗತರೋಗವಿಜ್ಞಾನೀಯಾರಮ್ಭೋ ಯುಕ್ತ ಇತ್ಯತ ಆಹ- ಅಥಾತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಗತಶಬ್ದ ಆಶ್ರಿತಪರ್ಯಾಯಃ||೧-೨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that, after the general account of diseases affecting the sense organs, it is appropriate to begin the account of diseases affecting hearing. In the title, gata is explained as meaning 'situated in' or 'dependent upon.'

Key terms

karNagataroga (karṇagataroga): Diseases situated in or affecting the ear.
vij~jAnIya (vijñānīya): That which is to be known or understood.
gata: Explained here as situated in or dependent upon.

Adhikarana ೨ (೩-೫) · Śloka ೫

ಕರ್ಣಶೂಲಂ ಪ್ರಣಾದಶ್ಚ ಬಾಧಿರ್ಯಂ ಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡ ಏವ ಚ | ಕರ್ಣಸ್ರಾವಃ ಕರ್ಣಕಣ್ಡೂಃ ಕರ್ಣವರ್ಚಸ್ತಥೈವ ಚ ||೩|| ಕೃಮಿಕರ್ಣಪ್ರತಿನಾಹೌ ವಿದ್ರಧಿರ್ದ್ವಿವಿಧಸ್ತಥಾ | ಕರ್ಣಪಾಕಃ ಪೂತಿಕರ್ಣಸ್ತಥೈವಾರ್ಶಶ್ಚತುರ್ವಿಧಮ್ ||೪|| ಕರ್ಣಾರ್ಬುದಂ ಸಪ್ತವಿಧಂ ಶೋಫಶ್ಚಾಪಿ ಚತುರ್ವಿಧಃ | ಏತೇ ಕರ್ಣಗತಾ ರೋಗಾ ಅಷ್ಟಾವಿಂಶತಿರೀರಿತಾಃ ||೫||

View original

कर्णशूलं प्रणादश्च बाधिर्यं क्ष्वेड एव च | कर्णस्रावः कर्णकण्डूः कर्णवर्चस्तथैव च ||३|| कृमिकर्णप्रतिनाहौ विद्रधिर्द्विविधस्तथा | कर्णपाकः पूतिकर्णस्तथैवार्शश्चतुर्विधम् ||४|| कर्णार्बुदं सप्तविधं शोफश्चापि चतुर्विधः | एते कर्णगता रोगा अष्टाविंशतिरीरिताः ||५||

Meaning of the śloka

The ear diseases are listed as karṇaśūla, praṇāda, deafness, kṣveḍa, ear discharge, itching of the ear, karṇavarcas, kṛmikarṇa, obstruction of the ear, two kinds of vidradhi, suppuration of the ear, pūtikarṇa, four kinds of arśas, seven kinds of arbuda, and four kinds of swelling. In all, twenty-eight diseases affecting the ear are taught.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ತಾನೇವ ಕರ್ಣಗತರೋಗಾನ್ನಾಮಭಿಃ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಯಾ ಚಾಹ- ಕರ್ಣಶೂಲಮಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಕರ್ಣಶೂಲಸ್ಯ ಕಷ್ಟಸಾಧ್ಯತ್ವಾತ್ ಪ್ರಾಗೇವ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಃ| ವಿದ್ರಧಿರ್ದ್ವಿವಿಧಃ- ದೋಷವಿದ್ರಧಿಃ ಕ್ಷತವಿದ್ರಧಿಶ್ಚ; ಅರ್ಶಶ್ಚತುರ್ವಿಧಂ- ವಾತಪಿತ್ತಕಫಸನ್ನಿಪಾತೈಃ; ಅರ್ಬುದಂ ಸಪ್ತವಿಧಂ- ವಾತೇನ ಪಿತ್ತೇನ ಕಫೇನ ಚಾಪಿ ರಕ್ತೇನ ಮಾಂಸೇನ ಚ ಮೇದಸಾ ಚ, ಸಪ್ತಮಂ ಶಾಲಾಕ್ಯತನ್ತ್ರೇ; ಶೋಫಶ್ಚತುರ್ವಿಧಃ- ವಾತಪಿತ್ತಕಫಸನ್ನಿಪಾತೈಃ| ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯೇಯನಿರ್ದೇಶಾದೇವ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಾಯಾಂ ಲಬ್ಧಾಯಾಮಷ್ಟಾವಿಂಶತಿರಿತಿ ಭೂಯಃ ಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಾಕರಣಂ ನಿಯಮಾರ್ಥಂ, ತೇನ ಚ ವಿದೇಹಸಙ್ಖ್ಯಯಾ ಅಧಿಕತ್ವಂ ಮಾ ಭೂದಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ||೩-೫||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies the diseases by name and number. Karṇaśūla is mentioned first because it is difficult to treat. Vidradhi is of two kinds: one caused by doṣas and one caused by injury. Arśas has four forms arising from vāta, pitta, kapha, and their combined involvement. Arbuda has seven forms—those associated with vāta, pitta, kapha, rakta, māṃsa, and medas, together with a seventh described in Śālākya-tantra. Swelling has four forms according to vāta, pitta, kapha, and their combination. Although the number could be derived from the individual categories, the total of twenty-eight is stated again to fix the count and prevent its enlargement according to Videha's enumeration.

Key terms

karNashUla (karṇaśūla): Pain in the ear; placed first because the commentary regards it as difficult to treat.
praNAda (praṇāda): A named ear disorder characterized later in the chapter by hearing varied sounds.
vidradhi: A localized inflammatory lesion classified here as doṣa-caused or injury-caused.
arbuda: A growth or swelling category said here to have seven forms.
aShTAviMshati (aṣṭāviṃśati): Twenty-eight, the fixed total of ear diseases in this enumeration.

Adhikarana ೩ (೬) · Śloka ೬

ಸಮೀರಣಃ ಶ್ರೋತ್ರಗತೋಽನ್ಯಥಾಚರಃ ಸಮನ್ತತಃ ಶೂಲಮತೀವ ಕರ್ಣಯೋಃ | ಕರೋತಿ ದೋಷೈಶ್ಚ ಯಥಾಸ್ವಮಾವೃತಃ ಸ ಕರ್ಣಶೂಲಃ ಕಥಿತೋ ದುರಾಚರಃ ||೬||

View original

समीरणः श्रोत्रगतोऽन्यथाचरः समन्ततः शूलमतीव कर्णयोः | करोति दोषैश्च यथास्वमावृतः स कर्णशूलः कथितो दुराचरः ||६||

Meaning of the śloka

When samīraṇa, moving abnormally within the auditory organ and obstructed according to the involvement of the respective doṣas, produces very severe pain throughout the ears, the difficult-to-treat condition is called karṇaśūla.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಶೂಲಮಾಹ- ಸಮೀರಣ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಅನ್ಯಥಾಚರ ಇತಿ ವಿಮಾರ್ಗಗಃ| ಸಮನ್ತತಃ ಶೂಲಮತೀವ ಕರ್ಣಯೋಃ ಕರೋತೀತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧನೀಯಮ್| ದೋಷೈಃ ಕಫಪಿತ್ತರಕ್ತೈಃ, ಅನ್ಯೇ ತು ವಾಯೋರೇವ ವಾಯ್ವನ್ತರಾವರಣಾದ್ಬಹುವಚನಂ ಸಮರ್ಥಯನ್ತಿ| ಸ್ವಸ್ಯ ಸ್ವಸ್ಯ ದೋಷಸ್ಯ ಅನತಿಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಯಥಾಸ್ವಮ್| ದುರಾಚರೋ ದುಃಖೇನೋಪಚರ್ಯತ ಇತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಅನ್ಯೇ ‘ದುರಾಸದ’ ಇತಿ ಪಠನ್ತಿ, ದುರ್ವಾರ ಇತಿ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಯನ್ತಿ| ಯದ್ಯಪಿ ಶೂಲಬಾಧಿರ್ಯವಿದ್ರಧ್ಯರ್ಶೋರ್ಬುದಶೋಫಾಃ ಪ್ರಾಙ್ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಾಸ್ತಥಾಽಪಿ ಕರ್ಣರೋಗಸಙ್ಗ್ರಹಾರ್ಥಂ ಸಾಧ್ಯಾಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಭಾಗಾರ್ಥಂ ಚ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಾಃ; ಶೂಲಸ್ತು ವಾತವ್ಯಾಧಿನಿದಾನೇ ಕೇವಲವಾತಜ ಉಕ್ತಃ ಅತ್ರ ಪುನರ್ದೋಷೈರಾವೃತ ಇತಿ ನ ಪೌನರುಕ್ತ್ಯಮ್||೬||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains 'moving abnormally' as moving along an improper path and connects the wording with the production of very severe pain throughout the ears. The obstructing doṣas are understood as kapha, pitta, and rakta. Other interpreters explain the plural by obstruction of one form of vāyu by another form of vāyu. Yathāsvam means without departing from the character of each respective doṣa. Durācara means difficult to treat; another reading is durāsada, explained as difficult to restrain. Although pain, deafness, vidradhi, arśas, arbuda, and swelling were mentioned earlier, they are described again to assemble the ear diseases and distinguish what is treatable from what is not. This account is also distinguished from the ear pain attributed to vāta alone in the chapter on vāta disorders, because here vāta is obstructed by other doṣas.

Key terms

samIraNa (samīraṇa): Vāta or vāyu as the moving principle implicated in the described ear pain.
anyathAcara (anyathācara): Moving abnormally or along an improper path.
AvRuta (āvṛta): Obstructed or enclosed by another doṣic factor.
karNashUla (karṇaśūla): The named condition of intense pain in the ear.
durAcara (durācara): Difficult to treat; a variant reads durāsada, difficult to restrain.

Adhikarana ೪ (೭) · Śloka ೭

ಯದಾ ತು ನಾಡೀಷು ವಿಮಾರ್ಗಮಾಗತಃ ಸ ಏವ ಶಬ್ದಾಭಿವಹಾಸು ತಿಷ್ಠತಿ | ಶೃಣೋತಿ ಶಬ್ದಾನ್ ವಿವಿಧಾಂಸ್ತದಾ ನರಃ ಪ್ರಣಾದಮೇನಂ ಕಥಯನ್ತಿ ಚಾಮಯಮ್ ||೭||

View original

यदा तु नाडीषु विमार्गमागतः स एव शब्दाभिवहासु तिष्ठति | शृणोति शब्दान् विविधांस्तदा नरः प्रणादमेनं कथयन्ति चामयम् ||७||

Meaning of the śloka

When that same vāyu takes an abnormal course and remains in the channels that convey sound, the person hears various sounds. This disorder is called praṇāda.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣನಾದಮಾಹ- ಯದಾ ತು ನಾಡೀಷ್ವಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ವಿಮಾರ್ಗಮಾಗತಃ ವಿರುದ್ಧಮಾರ್ಗಂ ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಃ, ವಿಮಾರ್ಗೋಽತ್ರ ಶಿರ ಏವ, ವಿಮಾರ್ಗಗಃ ತಿರ್ಯಗ್ಗೋ ಯದಾ ತಿಷ್ಠತಿ, (ಸ ಏವೇತ್ಯೇವಶಬ್ದೇನ ಕಫಾದ್ಯಾವರಣಾವೃತಃ| ಅನ್ಯೇ ತು ಶಬ್ದವಹಾಸು ನಾಡೀಷು ಸ ಏವ ವಾಯುರ್ವಿಮಾರ್ಗಗೋ ಯದಾ ನಿರುದ್ಧ್ಯತಿ) ತದಾ ವಿವಿಧಾನ್ ಶಬ್ದಾನ್ ನರಃ ಶೃಣೋತೀತಿ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಯನ್ತಿ| ಅಸ್ಯ ರೋಗಸ್ಯಾಪೀಡಾಕರತ್ವಾದರೋಗತ್ವಂ ಮಾ ಭೂದಿತಿ ದ್ಯೋತನಾರ್ಥಮಾಮಯವಚನಮ್||೭||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains the abnormal course as movement along an opposed path, here associated with the head and described as transverse movement. One explanation understands 'that same' vāyu as obstructed by kapha and other factors. Other interpreters say that the same abnormally moving vāyu becomes confined in the sound-carrying channels, causing the person to hear varied sounds. The word āmaya, 'disorder,' is used to make clear that the condition is a disease even though it is not necessarily painful.

Key terms

vimArga (vimārga): An abnormal or opposed course of movement.
shabdAbhivahA nADI (śabdābhivahā nāḍī): A channel described as carrying sound.
praNAda (praṇāda): The named disorder in which varied sounds are heard.
Amaya (āmaya): Disease or disorder, used here to affirm its pathological status despite absence of pain.

Adhikarana ೫ (೮) · Śloka ೮

ಸ ಏವ ಶಬ್ದಾನುವಹಾ ಯದಾ ಸಿರಾಃ ಕಫಾನುಯಾತೋ ವ್ಯನುಸೃತ್ಯ ತಿಷ್ಠತಿ | ತದಾ ನರಸ್ಯಾಪ್ರತಿಕಾರಸೇವಿನೋ ಭವೇತ್ತು ಬಾಧಿರ್ಯಮಸಂಶಯಂ ಖಲು ||೮||

View original

स एव शब्दानुवहा यदा सिराः कफानुयातो व्यनुसृत्य तिष्ठति | तदा नरस्याप्रतिकारसेविनो भवेत्तु बाधिर्यमसंशयं खलु ||८||

Meaning of the śloka

When that same vāyu, accompanied by kapha, spreads through and remains in the channels that convey sound, a person who does not undertake treatment certainly develops bādhirya.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಬಾಧಿರ್ಯಮಾಹ- ಸ ಏವ ಶಬ್ದಾನುವಹಾ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಸ ಏವ ಶುದ್ಧೋ ವಾಯುಃ ಕಫಾನುಯಾತಃ ಕಫಾನುಗತಃ| ಸ ಏವೇತ್ಯತ್ರಾಪಿಶಬ್ದೋ ಲುಪ್ತೋ ದ್ರಷ್ಟವ್ಯಃ, ತೇನ ನ ಕೇವಲಂ ಶುದ್ಧೋ ವಾಯುಃ ಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮಾನ್ವಿತೋಽಪಿ ವೇತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ವ್ಯನುಸೃತ್ಯ ವಿವಿಧಮಾರ್ಗಮಾವೃತ್ಯ| ಅಪ್ರತಿಕಾರಸೇವಿನಃ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸಾಮಕುರ್ವತಃ||೮||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that the same vāyu may be present in a pure state or accompanied by kapha. It considers a word meaning 'also' to be understood after 'that same,' showing that the condition may arise not only from vāyu alone but also from vāyu joined with śleṣman. Vyanusṛtya is explained as covering or obstructing various pathways. Apratikārasevin means a person who does not undertake treatment.

Key terms

shabdAnuvahA sirA (śabdānuvahā sirā): Channels described as conveying sound.
kaphAnuyAta (kaphānuyāta): Accompanied or followed by kapha.
vyanusRutya (vyanusṛtya): Explained here as spreading through and obstructing various pathways.
bAdhirya (bādhirya): Loss or marked impairment of hearing in this passage.
apratikArasevin (apratikārasevin): One who does not undertake treatment.

Adhikarana ೬ (೯) · Śloka ೯

ಶ್ರಮಾತ್ ಕ್ಷಯಾದ್ರೂಕ್ಷಕಷಾಯಭೋಜನಾತ್ ಸಮೀರಣಃ ಶಬ್ದಪಥೇ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಿತಃ | ವಿರಿಕ್ತಶೀರ್ಷಸ್ಯ ಚ ಶೀತಸೇವಿನಃ ಕರೋತಿ ಹಿ ಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡಮತೀವ ಕರ್ಣಯೋಃ ||೯||

View original

श्रमात् क्षयाद्रूक्षकषायभोजनात् समीरणः शब्दपथे प्रतिष्ठितः | विरिक्तशीर्षस्य च शीतसेविनः करोति हि क्ष्वेडमतीव कर्णयोः ||९||

Meaning of the śloka

Following exertion, depletion, or consumption of dry and astringent food, and in a person whose head has been purged and who then takes cold exposure, samīraṇa becomes established in the pathway of sound and produces an intense kṣveḍa sound in the ears.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡಮಾಹ- ಶ್ರಮಾದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಕ್ಷಯೋ ಧಾತುಕ್ಷಯಃ| ಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡಃ ಶಬ್ದಃ| ಕರ್ಣನಾದಃ ಕೇವಲವಾತಾರಬ್ಧೋ ನಾನಾವಿಧಶಬ್ದಾನ್ವಿತಃ, ಕರ್ಣಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡಸ್ತು ದೋಷಸಂಸೃಷ್ಟವಾತಾರಬ್ಧೋ ವಂಶಘೋಷಾನುಕಾರಿಶಬ್ದಾನ್ವಿತಃ| ತಥಾ ಚ ವಿದೇಹಃ,- “ಮಾರುತಃ ಕಫವಾತಾಭ್ಯಾಂ ಸಂಸೃಷ್ಟಃ ಶೋಣಿತೇನ ಚ| ಕರ್ಣಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡನಂ ಸಞ್ಜನಯೇತ್ ಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡನಂ ವೇಣುಘೋಷವತ್”- ಇತಿ; ಏಷ ಕರ್ಣನಾದಕ್ಷ್ವೇಡಯೋರ್ಭೇದಃ||೯||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains kṣaya as depletion of the bodily tissues and kṣveḍa as a sound. It distinguishes two classical categories: karṇanāda is attributed to vāta alone and involves varied sounds, whereas karṇakṣveḍa is attributed to vāta combined with doṣas and has a sound compared to that of a bamboo flute. A citation from Videha says that māruta combined with kapha, vāta, and blood produces karṇakṣveḍana, with a sound like a bamboo tone. This is presented as the distinction between karṇanāda and karṇakṣveḍa.

Key terms

kShaya (kṣaya): Explained by the commentary as depletion of bodily tissues.
shabdapatha (śabdapatha): The pathway of sound in which samīraṇa is said to become established.
karNakShveDa (karṇakṣveḍa): A named ear-sound disorder distinguished by the commentary through its doṣic association and bamboo-like sound.
karNanAda (karṇanāda): A named ear-sound disorder attributed here to vāta alone and characterized by varied sounds.
veNughoSha (veṇughoṣa): A bamboo- or flute-like sound used in the cited comparison.

Adhikarana ೭ (೧೦) · Śloka ೧೦

ಶಿರೋಭಿಘಾತಾದಥವಾ ನಿಮಜ್ಜತೋ ಜಲೇ ಪ್ರಪಾಕಾದಥವಾಽಪಿ ವಿದ್ರಧೇಃ | ಸ್ರವೇತ್ತು ಪೂಯಂ ಶ್ರವಣೋಽನಿಲಾವೃತಃ ಸ ಕರ್ಣಸಂಸ್ರಾವ ಇತಿ ಪ್ರಕೀರ್ತಿತಃ ||೧೦||

View original

शिरोभिघातादथवा निमज्जतो जले प्रपाकादथवाऽपि विद्रधेः | स्रवेत्तु पूयं श्रवणोऽनिलावृतः स कर्णसंस्राव इति प्रकीर्तितः ||१०||

Meaning of the śloka

Following an injury to the head, immersion in water, or the suppuration of a vidradhi in the ear, the ear passage, obstructed by vata, may discharge pus. This condition is described as karna-samsrava.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಸ್ರಾವಮಾಹ- ಶಿರೋಭಿಘಾತಾದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ವಿದ್ರಧೇಃ ಕರ್ಣವಿದ್ರಧೇಃ||೧೦||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies this verse as the description of karna-srava and specifies that vidradhi here means an abscess of the ear.

Key terms

शिरोभिघात (śirobhighāta): injury or trauma to the head
विद्रधि (vidradhi): an abscess; interpreted here as an abscess of the ear
कर्णसंस्राव (karṇa-saṃsrāva): the ear disorder characterized here by purulent discharge

Adhikarana ೮ (೧೧) · Śloka ೧೧

ಕಫೇನ ಕಣ್ಡೂಃ ಪ್ರಚಿತೇನ ಕರ್ಣಯೋರ್ಭೃಶಂ ಭವೇತ್ ಸ್ರೋತಸಿ ಕರ್ಣಸಞ್ಜ್ಞಿತೇ |೧೧|

View original

कफेन कण्डूः प्रचितेन कर्णयोर्भृशं भवेत् स्रोतसि कर्णसञ्ज्ञिते |११|

Meaning of the śloka

When kapha accumulates in the passage called the ear canal, intense itching develops in the ears.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಕಣ್ಡೂಮಾಹ- ಕಫೇನೇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಕರ್ಣಯೋಃ ಪ್ರಚಿತೇನ ಸಞ್ಚಿತೇನ ಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮಣಾ ಕರ್ಣಸ್ರೋತಸಿ ಭೃಶಮತ್ಯರ್ಥಂ ಕಣ್ಡೂರ್ಭವೇದಿತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ|೧೧|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains that pracita means accumulated: markedly severe itching occurs in the ear passage because shleshma has collected there.

Key terms

कफ (kapha): the dosha said here to accumulate in the ear passage
कण्डू (kaṇḍū): itching
कर्णस्रोतस् (karṇa-srotas): the passage or channel of the ear

Adhikarana ೯ (೧೧) · Śloka ೧೧

ವಿಶೋಷಿತೇ ಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮಣಿ ಪಿತ್ತತೇಜಸಾ ನೃಣಾಂ ಭವೇತ್ ಸ್ರೋತಸಿ ಕರ್ಣಗೂಥಕಃ ||೧೧||

View original

विशोषिते श्लेष्मणि पित्ततेजसा नृणां भवेत् स्रोतसि कर्णगूथकः ||११||

Meaning of the śloka

When shleshma accumulated in the ear passage is dried by the heat of pitta, karna-guthaka forms.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಗೂಥಕಮಾಹ- ವಿಶೋಷಿತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಸ್ರೋತಸಿ ಸಞ್ಚಿತೇ ಶ್ಲೇಷ್ಮಣಿ ಪಿತ್ತತೇಜಸಾ ವಿಶೋಷಿತೇ ಸತಿ ಕರ್ಣಗೂಥಕೋ ಭವೇದಿತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ||೧೧||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary makes the sequence explicit: shleshma first accumulates in the ear passage and, when dried by the heat of pitta, becomes karna-guthaka.

Key terms

श्लेष्मन् (śleṣman): kapha or a cohesive substance said here to collect in the ear passage
पित्ततेजस् (pitta-tejas): the drying heat attributed to pitta in this account
कर्णगूथक (karṇa-gūthaka): the compact ear substance or disorder formed through the stated drying process

Adhikarana ೧೦ (೧೨) · Śloka ೧೨

ಸ ಕರ್ಣವಿಟ್ಕೋ ದ್ರವತಾಂ ಯದಾ ಗತೋ ವಿಲಾಯಿತೋ ಘ್ರಾಣಮುಖಂ ಪ್ರಪದ್ಯತೇ | ತದಾ ಸ ಕರ್ಣಪ್ರತಿನಾಹಸಞ್ಜ್ಞಿತೋ ಭವೇದ್ವಿಕಾರಃ ಶಿರಸೋಽಭಿತಾಪನಃ ||೧೨||

View original

स कर्णविट्को द्रवतां यदा गतो विलायितो घ्राणमुखं प्रपद्यते | तदा स कर्णप्रतिनाहसञ्ज्ञितो भवेद्विकारः शिरसोऽभितापनः ||१२||

Meaning of the śloka

When that ear matter becomes fluid, melts, and reaches the pathway of the nose and mouth, the disorder is called karna-pratinaha; it causes distress throughout the head.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಪ್ರತಿನಾಹಮಾಹ- ಸ ಕರ್ಣೇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ವಿಲಯನಂ ಪುನಃ ಸ್ನೇಹಸ್ವೇದಾಭ್ಯಾಮ್| ಕಫಮಾರುತಾಭ್ಯಾಂ ಸನ್ನಿಪಾತೇನ ವಾ ವಿದೇಹೋಕ್ತತ್ವಾತ್| ಶಿರಸೋಽಭಿತಾಪನಃ ಸಕಲಶಿರೋವಿಕಾರಕಾರೀತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ||೧೨||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary says that the melting or liquefaction occurs through oleation and fomentation. Citing Videha, it states that the condition may arise from kapha and vata or from the combined involvement of all three doshas. The phrase 'distressing the head' is explained as causing disorders affecting the whole head.

Key terms

कर्णविट्क (karṇa-viṭka): matter or accumulated material in the ear referred to from the preceding description
कर्णप्रतिनाह (karṇa-pratināha): the named ear disorder in which liquefied ear matter is described as extending toward the nasal and oral pathway
स्नेहस्वेद (sneha-sveda): oleation and fomentation, stated by the commentary as causes of liquefaction
सान्निपात (sannipāta): combined involvement of the three doshas

Adhikarana ೧೧ (೧೩) · Śloka ೧೩

ಯದಾ ತು ಮೂರ್ಚ್ಛನ್ತ್ಯಥವಾಽಪಿ ಜನ್ತವಃ ಸೃಜನ್ತ್ಯಪತ್ಯಾನ್ಯಥವಾಽಪಿ ಮಕ್ಷಿಕಾಃ | ತದಞ್ಜನತ್ವಾಚ್ಛ್ರವಣೋ ನಿರುಚ್ಯತೇ ಭಿಷಗ್ಭಿರಾದ್ಯೈಃ ಕೃಮಿಕರ್ಣಕೋ ಗದಃ ||೧೩||

View original

यदा तु मूर्च्छन्त्यथवाऽपि जन्तवः सृजन्त्यपत्यान्यथवाऽपि मक्षिकाः | तदञ्जनत्वाच्छ्रवणो निरुच्यते भिषग्भिराद्यैः कृमिकर्णको गदः ||१३||

Meaning of the śloka

When organisms fall into or develop within the ear, or when flies produce offspring there, the ancient physicians call the resulting disorder krimi-karnaka because the ear has become associated with such organisms.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕೃಮಿಕರ್ಣಮಾಹ- ಯದೇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಮೂರ್ಚ್ಛನ್ತಿ ಪತನ್ತಿ| ಜನ್ತವೋ ಮಾಂಸಕೋಥಜಾಃ ಕೃಮಯಃ| ಅಪತ್ಯಾನಿ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮಕೃಮೀನ್| ಮಕ್ಷಿಕಾ ಮಮ್ಭಣಾಖ್ಯಾ ನೀಲಮಕ್ಷಿಕಾಃ| ತದಞ್ಜನತ್ವಾದಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಆದ್ಯೈರ್ಭಿಷಗ್ಭಿಸ್ತದಞ್ಜನತ್ವಾಚ್ಛ್ರವಣಃ ಕೃಮಿಕರ್ಣಕೋ ನಿರುಕ್ತ ಇತಿ ಸಮ್ಬನ್ಧಃ| ತದಞ್ಜನತ್ವಾತ್ ಕೃಮಿಲಕ್ಷಣತ್ವಾತ್| ಆದ್ಯೈರ್ಭಿಷಗ್ಭಿಃ ವಿದೇಹಾದಿಭಿಃ| ಅಯಂ ರೋಗಃ ಸಾನ್ನಿಪಾತಿಕಃ, ವಿದೇಹಪ್ರೋಕ್ತತ್ವಾತ್||೧೩||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary explains murcchanti as 'fall' and identifies the organisms as krimi arising from putrefied flesh. 'Offspring' means minute krimi, while the flies are described as dark flies called mambhana. It connects the name krimi-karnaka with the characteristic presence of krimi in the ear and attributes this explanation to earlier physicians such as Videha. On Videha's authority, it classifies the disorder as sannipatika, involving all three doshas.

Key terms

कृमि (krimi): organisms or worms described as arising in decomposed tissue
कृमिकर्णक (krimi-karṇaka): the named ear disorder characterized by the presence of krimi
मम्भणा (mambhaṇā): the commentary's name for the dark flies mentioned in this account
सान्निपातिक (sānnipātika): classified as involving all three doshas

Adhikarana ೧೨ (೧೪) · Śloka ೧೪

ಕ್ಷತಾಭಿಘಾತಪ್ರಭವಸ್ತು ವಿದ್ರಧಿರ್ಭವೇತ್ತಥಾ ದೋಷಕೃತೋಽಪರಃ ಪುನಃ | ಸರಕ್ತಪೀತಾರುಣಮಸ್ರಮಾಸ್ರವೇತ್ ಪ್ರತೋದಧೂಮಾಯನದಾಹಚೋಷವಾನ್ ||೧೪||

View original

क्षताभिघातप्रभवस्तु विद्रधिर्भवेत्तथा दोषकृतोऽपरः पुनः | सरक्तपीतारुणमस्रमास्रवेत् प्रतोदधूमायनदाहचोषवान् ||१४||

Meaning of the śloka

A vidradhi of the ear may arise from a wound or trauma, while another kind is produced by the doṣas. The trauma-born condition discharges fluid that is mixed with blood and is yellowish-red; it is accompanied by pricking pain, a sensation likened to smoke, burning, and a feeling as though the part were being sucked.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣವಿದ್ರಧಿಮಾಹ- ಕ್ಷತಾಭಿಘಾತಪ್ರಭವ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಕ್ಷತಾಭಿಘಾತಪ್ರಭವಸ್ತು ವಿದ್ರಧಿರ್ಭವೇದಿತಿ ಛೇದಃ| ಏತೇನ ಕ್ಷತವಿದ್ರಧಿರ್ದರ್ಶಿತಃ| ದೋಷಕೃತೋಽಪರಃ ದೋಷಜನಿತೋ ದ್ವಿತೀಯೋ ವಿದ್ರಧಿಃ| ಏತೇನ ದೋಷಜೋ ದರ್ಶಿತಃ| ಸ ಚತುರ್ವಿಧಃ| ಕ್ಷತವಿದ್ರಧೇರ್ಲಕ್ಷಣಮಾಹ- ಸರಕ್ತಪೀತಾರುಣಮಿತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಅಸ್ರಂ ರಕ್ತಮ್| ಧೂಮಾಯನಂ ಧೂಮೋದ್ವಮನಮಿವ ವೇದನಾವಿಶೇಷಃ| ಚೋಷವಾನ್ ಆಚೂಷ್ಯತ ಇವ| ದೋಷವಿದ್ರಧೇರ್ಲಕ್ಷಣಂ ದೋಷಲಿಙ್ಗೈರೇವ ಜ್ಞಾತವ್ಯಮ್| ಸರಕ್ತಪಿತ್ತಾರುಣೇತ್ಯಾದಿನಾ ಕರ್ಣಪಾಕಲಕ್ಷಣಮುಕ್ತಮಿತಿ ಕೇಚಿತ್ ಕಥಯನ್ತಿ; ತಚ್ಚ ಮಹ್ಯಂ ನ ರೋಚತೇ, ಯತೋ ಜೇಜ್ಜಟಾದೀನಾಮೀದೃಶೋಽಭಿಪ್ರಾಯೋ ನಾಸ್ತಿ||೧೪||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary divides the statement to say that one vidradhi arises from a wound or trauma, establishing the traumatic type, and that a second arises from the doṣas, establishing the doṣaja type, which is fourfold. It explains asra as blood, dhūmāyana as a distinctive pain resembling the emission of smoke, and coṣa as a sensation as though the part were being sucked. The signs of a doṣaja vidradhi are to be recognized from the signs of the respective doṣas. Some interpreters say that the words beginning with blood-mixed, yellowish-red discharge describe karṇapāka, but the commentator rejects this because he finds no such intention in Jejjaṭa and the other earlier authorities.

Key terms

karNavidradhi (karṇavidradhi): The named suppurative swelling of the ear discussed in this passage.
kShatAbhighAtaprabhava (kṣatābhighātaprabhava): Arising from a wound or traumatic injury.
doShaja (doṣaja): Arising from the doṣas and recognized through their respective signs.
dhUmAyana (dhūmāyana): A distinctive painful sensation compared by the commentary to smoke being emitted.
coSha (coṣa): A sensation as though the affected part were being sucked.

Adhikarana ೧೩ (೧೫) · Śloka ೧೫

ಭವೇತ್ ಪ್ರಪಾಕಃ ಖಲು ಪಿತ್ತಕೋಪತೋ ವಿಕೋಥವಿಕ್ಲೇದಕರಶ್ಚ ಕರ್ಣಯೋಃ |೧೫|

View original

भवेत् प्रपाकः खलु पित्तकोपतो विकोथविक्लेदकरश्च कर्णयोः |१५|

Meaning of the śloka

Karṇapāka arises from an aggravation of pitta and causes vikotha and vikleda in the ears—destructive change and moist disintegration described in the classical terminology.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಕರ್ಣಪಾಕಲಕ್ಷಣಮಾಹ- ಭವೇತ್ ಪ್ರಪಾಕ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ|೧೫|-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary simply introduces this verse as stating the signs of karṇapāka.

Key terms

karNapAka (karṇapāka): The named condition of pathological ripening or suppuration in the ear.
pittakopa: Aggravation of pitta, presented here as the cause.
vikotha: A destructive or putrefactive change attributed to the condition.
vikleda: Excessive moistening or disintegration attributed to the condition.

Adhikarana ೧೪ (೧೫) · Śloka ೧೬

ಸ್ಥಿತೇ ಕಫೇ ಸ್ರೋತಸಿ ಪಿತ್ತತೇಜಸಾ ವಿಲಾಯ್ಯಮಾನೇ ಭೃಶಸಮ್ಪ್ರತಾಪವಾನ್ ||೧೫|| ಅವೇದನೋ ವಾಽಪ್ಯಥವಾ ಸವೇದನೋ ಘನಂ ಸ್ರವೇತ್ ಪೂತಿ ಚ ಪೂತಿಕರ್ಣಕಃ |೧೬|

View original

स्थिते कफे स्रोतसि पित्ततेजसा विलाय्यमाने भृशसम्प्रतापवान् ||१५|| अवेदनो वाऽप्यथवा सवेदनो घनं स्रवेत् पूति च पूतिकर्णकः |१६|

Meaning of the śloka

When kapha lodged in the ear channel is liquefied by the heat of pitta, there is intense heat. The condition called pūtikarṇaka may be either painless or painful and repeatedly discharges foul-smelling material.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಪೂತಿಕರ್ಣಮಾಹ- ಸ್ಥಿತ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಘನಂ ನಿರನ್ತರಂ ವಾರಂವಾರಮಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ಅನ್ಯೇ ಘನಮಿತಿ ಪೂಯಸ್ಯ ವಿಶೇಷಣಮಾಹುಃ| ಪೂತಿ ಪೂಯಮ್||೧೫||-

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary identifies the condition as pūtikarṇa. It explains ghana as continuous or recurring again and again. Other interpreters instead take ghana as an adjective describing the pus as thick. Pūti is explained as foul or putrid pus.

Key terms

srotas: The ear channel in which kapha is said to be lodged.
pittatejas: The heat or fiery quality of pitta that liquefies the lodged kapha.
pUtikarNaka (pūtikarṇaka): The named ear condition characterized here by foul discharge.
ghana: Read either as continuous or recurrent discharge, or alternatively as describing the pus as thick.
pUti (pūti): Foul or putrid pus in this context.

Adhikarana ೧೫ (೧೬) · Śloka ೧೬

ಪ್ರದಿಷ್ಟಲಿಙ್ಗಾನ್ಯರಶಾಂಸಿ ತತ್ತ್ವತಸ್ತಥೈವ ಶೋಫಾರ್ಬುದಲಿಙ್ಗಮೀರಿತಮ್ | ಮಯಾ ಪುರಸ್ತಾತ್ ಪ್ರಸಮೀಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಯೋಜಯೇದಿಹೈವ ತಾವತ್ ಪ್ರಯತೋ ಭಿಷಗ್ವರಃ ||೧೬||

View original

प्रदिष्टलिङ्गान्यरशांसि तत्त्वतस्तथैव शोफार्बुदलिङ्गमीरितम् | मया पुरस्तात् प्रसमीक्ष्य योजयेदिहैव तावत् प्रयतो भिषग्वरः ||१६||

Meaning of the śloka

The signs already taught for arśas, and likewise the signs described for śopha and arbuda, should be carefully recognized and applied here by a diligent and accomplished physician.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಅರ್ಶಃಶೋಫಾರ್ಬುದಾನ್ಯಾಹ- ಪ್ರದಿಷ್ಟೇತ್ಯಾದಿ| ಶೋಫಾರ್ಬುದಲಿಙ್ಗಂ ಶೋಫಸ್ಯ ಅರ್ಬುದಸ್ಯ ಚ ಲಕ್ಷಣಮಿತ್ಯರ್ಥಃ| ತತ್ತ್ವತಃ ಪರಮಾರ್ಥತಃ| ಪ್ರಸಮೀಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಜ್ಞಾತ್ವಾ| ಪ್ರಯೋಗಜ್ಞೋ ವೈದ್ಯಃ||೧೬||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentary states that this verse concerns arśas, śopha, and arbuda occurring in the ear. Śophārbudaliṅga means the signs of both śopha and arbuda; tattvataḥ means in their true or precise sense; and prasamīkṣya means after recognizing or assessing them. The final expression describes a physician skilled in clinical application.

Key terms

arshas (arśas): A named lesion whose previously taught signs are to be applied in the ear context.
shopha (śopha): Swelling; its previously described signs are referenced here.
arbuda: A named mass or growth whose previously described signs are referenced here.
prasamIkShya (prasamīkṣya): After carefully recognizing or assessing.
prayogaj~ja (prayogajña): A physician skilled in practical or clinical application.

Adhikarana ಪುಷ್ಪಿಕಾ · Śloka ೨೦

ಇತಿ ಸುಶ್ರುತಸಂಹಿತಾಯಾಮುತ್ತರತನ್ತ್ರಾನ್ತರ್ಗತೇ ಶಾಲಾಕ್ಯತನ್ತ್ರೇ ಕರ್ಣಗತರೋಗವಿಜ್ಞಾನೀಯೋ ನಾಮ ವಿಂಶತಿತಮೋಽಧ್ಯಾಯಃ ||೨೦||

View original

इति सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे कर्णगतरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम विंशतितमोऽध्यायः ||२०||

Meaning of the śloka

Thus ends the twentieth chapter, entitled Knowledge of Diseases Affecting the Ear, in the Śālākya-tantra section of the Uttara-tantra of the Suśruta-saṃhitā.

🔊 Audio coming soon

Show commentary

ಇತಿ ಶ್ರೀಡಲ್ಹ(ಹ್ಲ)ಣವಿರಚಿತಾಯಾಂ ನಿಬನ್ಧಸಙ್ಗ್ರಹಾಖ್ಯಾಯಾಂ ಸುಶ್ರುತವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾಯಾಮುತ್ತರತನ್ತ್ರಾನ್ತರ್ಗತೇ ಶಾಲಾಕ್ಯತನ್ತ್ರೇ ವಿಂಶೋಽಧ್ಯಾಯಃ||೨೦||

Meaning of the commentary

Thus ends the twentieth chapter in the Śālākya-tantra portion of the Uttara-tantra in Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta-saṃhitā entitled Nibandhasaṅgraha. The supplied authorial name contains the uncertain or variant form Dalha(hla)ṇa.

Key terms

karNagatarogavij~jAnIya (karṇagatarogavijñānīya): Knowledge of diseases affecting the ear, the title of the chapter.
shAlAkyatantra (Śālākya-tantra): The textual division in which this chapter is placed.
nibandhasa~ggraha (Nibandhasaṅgraha): The title of Dalhaṇa's commentary on the Suśruta-saṃhitā.

← 19. nayanābhighātapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ 21. karṇagatarōgapratiṣēdhādhyāyaḥ →