The commentary proposes that an omitted word ‘and so forth’ should be understood, making the title ‘diagnosis of disorders from śūka and related causes.’ It takes those related causes to include intercourse involving an unhealthy vaginal condition, concealed inward-growing genital hair, intercourse with an unwilling or unsuitable partner, and trauma. Gayī rejects this expansion because those factors are already causes of upadaṃśa. Śūka is explained either as contaminated water or dirt containing small creatures, or as a preparation intended to enlarge the penis. Doṣa here may mean damage, deformity caused by incorrect use, a bodily doṣa such as vāta, or a disorder produced by such a doṣa. Since the chapter states characteristic signs rather than a separate causal account, nidāna here means diagnostic description; śūka itself is the cause and is already named in the opening proposition.
Key terms
shUka (śūka)
Explained either as contaminated creature-bearing water or dirt, or as a preparation used historically in an attempt to enlarge the penis.
shUkadoSha (śūka-doṣa)
Damage, deformity, or disorder associated with śūka or its incorrect use.
duShTayoni (duṣṭa-yoni)
A historically framed vaginal condition mentioned in one disputed expansion of the causes.
gUDhAntarlomayoni (gūḍhāntarloma-yoni)
A condition described as concealed or inward-growing genital hair.
nidAna (nidāna)
Diagnostic description in this chapter, according to the commentary.
Eighteen disorders are said to arise from śūka in people who pursue enlargement of the penis through improper methods: sarṣapikā, aṣṭhīlikā, grathita, kumbhīkā, alajī, mṛdita, sammūḍhapiḍakā, avamantha, puṣkarikā, loss of sensation, uttamā, śataponaka, skin suppuration, śoṇitārbuda, māṃsārbuda, muscle suppuration, vidradhi, and tilakālaka.
The commentary says liṅgavṛddhi means making the penis larger; others specify increase in both length and circumference. Akrama means conduct outside the prescribed procedure for a penis-enlarging preparation described by Vātsyāyana and others. Some instead understand it as improper performance of an uttarabasti procedure, but Gayī rejects that interpretation. Although counting the listed diseases already yields the total, ‘eighteen’ is stated explicitly to prevent error in counting.
Key terms
li~ggavRuddhi (liṅga-vṛddhi)
Attempted enlargement of the penis, interpreted by some as increasing length and circumference.
akramapravRutta (akrama-pravṛtta)
Proceeding through an improper or non-prescribed method.
shUkadoShanimitta (śūka-doṣa-nimitta)
Occurring because of damage associated with śūka.
uttarabasti
A urethral or genitourinary instillation procedure proposed by some interpreters and rejected here by Gayī.
Sarṣapikā is described by learned authorities as a small lesion resembling a pale mustard seed, attributed to kapha and blood, and caused by badly damaged or improperly used śūka.
The main commentary explains śūkadurbhagnahetukā as caused by śūka that has been used improperly or handled badly. Others read śūkadurbhagahetukā and explain that both śūka and an unhealthy female genital condition are causes. Gayī rejects that alternative reading and explanation.
Key terms
sarShapikA (sarṣapikā)
A classical small genital lesion compared with a mustard seed.
gaurasarShapatulya (gaura-sarṣapa-tulya)
Resembling a pale or light-coloured mustard seed.
shUkadurbhagna (śūka-durbhagna)
Śūka described as damaged, badly handled, or improperly used.
shUkadurbhaga (śūka-durbhaga)
Variant reading interpreted as śūka together with an unhealthy genital condition.
kapharakta (kapha-rakta)
Kapha and blood, the classical factors assigned to the lesion.
Aṣṭhīlikā is described as a hard lesion with irregular ends, arising through aggravated vāta from śūkas whose tips are bent or deformed by a toxic substance.
The commentary connects the sentence as ‘aṣṭhīlikā arises from the śūkas.’ Viṣama means unsuitable or abnormal. It tentatively explains antaiḥ as fallen or damaged tips. Others interpret the phrase as ‘marked by irregular ends,’ meaning that the śūkas themselves have uneven tips. Viṣasambhugna means made crooked or bent by poison or a toxic substance.
Key terms
aShThIlikA (aṣṭhīlikā)
A classical hard genital lesion associated here with damaged or irregular śūka.
viShamAnta (viṣamānta)
Having unsuitable, irregular, or damaged ends; the exact construction is disputed.
viShasambhugna (viṣa-sambhugna)
Bent or deformed through poison or a toxic substance.
mArutaprakopa (māruta-prakopa)
Aggravation of vāta in the classical explanation.
kaThina piDakA (kaṭhina piḍakā)
A hard lesion or nodule.
Adhikarana ૫ (૬) · Śloka ૬
શૂકૈર્યત્ પૂરિતં શશ્વદ્ગ્રથિતં તત્ કફોત્થિતમ્ |૬|
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शूकैर्यत् पूरितं शश्वद्ग्रथितं तत् कफोत्थितम् |६|
Meaning of the śloka
A persistent knotted or nodular condition that develops when the area is repeatedly filled with śūkas is called grathita and is attributed to kapha.
The commentary explains śaśvat as every day. It says teachers of kāma literature regarded filling on alternate days as preferable, whereas daily filling produces the disorder called grathita. The supplied commentary ends with an incomplete marker.
Key terms
grathita
A classical knotted or nodular disorder associated with repeated śūka use.
shashvat (śaśvat)
Every day or continually, according to the commentary.
shUkapUraNa (śūka-pūraṇa)
Filling or repeated application involving śūka; the exact procedure is not reconstructed.
kaphotthita
Attributed to kapha in the classical classification.
The commentary also compares kumbhīkā with a kumbhī fruit. It interprets aśubhā by contrast with śubhā, understood as white, and therefore takes aśubhā to mean black or dark. This too is said to arise from improperly used śūka. Some read āśujā instead of aśubhā; on that reading, the lesion arises quickly after śūka is applied or inserted.
Key terms
kumbhIkA (kumbhīkā)
A classical genital lesion compared with a jambu seed or kumbhī fruit.
अलजीलक्षणैर्युक्तामलजीं च वितर्कयेत् |
मृदितं पीडितं यत्तु संरब्धं वायुकोपतः ||७||
Meaning of the śloka
A lesion displaying the signs of alajī should be recognized as alajī. A penis that has had śūka applied and is then forcefully squeezed becomes inflamed and swollen through aggravated vāta; this condition is called mṛdita.
The signs meant for alajī are those described for the alajī type of prameha-associated lesion. This form too is understood as following use of harmful or improperly applied śūka. Mṛdita is explained as a condition in which the penis, after śūka has been applied or inserted, is pressed very forcefully with the hands and consequently becomes irritated and swollen through vāta.
Key terms
alajI (alajī)
A classical lesion identified here by signs previously given for prameha-associated alajī.
pramehapiDakA (prameha-piḍakā)
A lesion category associated with prameha whose earlier signs are referenced here.
mRudita (mṛdita)
A classical traumatic condition following forceful squeezing after śūka use.
saMrabdha (saṃrabdha)
Inflamed, irritated, or markedly affected.
shopha (śopha)
Swelling.
Adhikarana ૮ (૮) · Śloka ૮
પાણિભ્યાં ભૃશસમ્મૂઢે સમ્મૂઢપિડકા ભવેત્ |૮|
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पाणिभ्यां भृशसम्मूढे सम्मूढपिडका भवेत् |८|
Meaning of the śloka
When the penis has been severely compressed with the hands following the application of shuka, a lesion called sammudha-pidaka may arise.
The commentary explains bhrisha-sammudha as being extremely crushed or bent downward and supplies the omitted context 'when shuka has been applied to the penis.' It identifies sammudha-pidaka, also called mridita, as arising from vata and blood. The supplied commentary ends with an incomplete marker.
Key terms
sammUDhapiDakA (sammudha-pidaka)
A genital lesion attributed to severe compression after shuka application.
mRudita (mridita)
Crushed; an alternative name for this lesion.
bhRushasammUDha (bhrisha-sammudha)
Severely compressed, crushed, or bent downward.
shUka (shuka)
A substance or implement historically applied to the penis; its exact form is not stated here.
Numerous elongated genital eruptions that split open through their centers, cause pain and horripilation, and are attributed to kapha and blood constitute the disorder called avamantha.
The commentary explains bahvi as numerous and states that avamantha should also be understood as resulting from improper performance of the shuka procedure intended to enlarge the penis. Its closing marker is incomplete.
Key terms
avamantha
A painful genital eruption arising after improper shuka use in this account.
The commentary glosses padmapushkara as the central seed-bearing part of a lotus and says this condition too should be understood as arising from improper performance of the shuka procedure. The closing marker is incomplete.
Key terms
puShkarikA (pushkarika)
A genital lesion bearing smaller eruptions and compared with a lotus center.
piDakAcitA (pidakachita)
Covered or studded with eruptions.
padmapuShkara (padmapushkara)
The central receptacle of a lotus, used as a shape comparison.
shUkakarmApacAra (shuka-karmapachara)
Improper performance of the historical shuka procedure.
Adhikarana ૧૧ (૧૦) · Śloka ૧૦
જનયેત્ સ્પર્શહાનિં તુ શોણિતં શૂકદૂષિતમ્ ||૧૦||
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जनयेत् स्पर्शहानिं तु शोणितं शूकदूषितम् ||१०||
Meaning of the śloka
Blood disturbed by shuka is said to produce a condition called sparshahani, characterized by loss of sensation.
The commentary clarifies that sparshahani is the proper name of a particular disorder, not merely a generic phrase. Shuka-dushita means made abnormal through shuka use.
Key terms
sparshahAni (sparshahani)
A named genital disorder characterized here by loss of sensation.
The commentary identifies uttama as the name of the disorder. It explains shukajirna as the harmful result of repeatedly or improperly performed shuka application. Other interpreters analyze the term differently and say the lesion arises from blood and pitta disturbed by shuka and by its repeated application.
Key terms
uttamA (uttama)
The proper name of this red, pulse-sized genital eruption.
mudga
Green gram, used as a size or shape comparison.
mASha (masha)
Black gram, used as a size or shape comparison.
shUkAjIrNa (shukajirna)
A harmful consequence of repeated or poorly performed shuka use; its derivation is disputed.
When the affected genital site is covered on all sides by holes with very small openings, the disorder attributed to vata and blood is called shataponaka.
The commentary explains that the small holes arise through vata and blood after improperly conducted shuka application. Vastu means the affected site or substratum.
Key terms
shataponaka
A genital lesion described as having numerous minute openings.
aNumukha chidra (anumukha chidra)
A hole with a very small opening.
vastu
The affected site or tissue base.
duravacAritashUka (duravacharita-shuka)
Improper or harmful use of shuka.
Adhikarana ૧૪ (૧૩) · Śloka ૧૩
પિત્તરક્તકૃતો જ્ઞેયસ્ત્વક્પાકો જ્વરદાહવાન્ |૧૩|
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पित्तरक्तकृतो ज्ञेयस्त्वक्पाको ज्वरदाहवान् |१३|
Meaning of the śloka
A skin disorder with suppuration, fever, and burning, attributed to pitta and blood, is called tvakpaka.
The commentary explains this as arising from pitta and blood disturbed by improperly performed shuka use. Gayi instead attributes it to vata and pitta disturbed by improper shuka use. The supplied commentary ends with an incomplete marker.
Key terms
tvakpAka (tvakpaka)
A suppurative, burning skin lesion with fever in this genital-procedure context.
pittarakta (pitta-rakta)
Pitta and blood, assigned as causal factors in the main reading.
vAtapitta (vata-pitta)
Vata and pitta, Gayi's alternative causal attribution.
When the affected site is covered with dark blisters and blood-containing eruptions, together with severe pain, the condition is identified as shonitarbuda.
The commentary explains vastu as the affected site: when it is afflicted by blisters and pidakas, the condition is to be known as shonitarbuda. It adds that this too arises from the improper use of shuka.
Key terms
shoNitArbuda (shonitarbuda)
A severe blood-associated genital mass or lesion in this classical classification.
sphoTa (sphota)
A blister or eruptive lesion.
piDakA (pidaka)
A raised eruption or lesion.
vastu
The affected site or substratum.
duravacAritashUka (duravacharita shuka)
Improperly used shuka material or application in the chapter's historical context.
Adhikarana ૧૬ (૧૪) · Śloka ૧૪
માંસદોષેણ જાનીયાદર્બુદં માંસસમ્ભવમ્ |૧૪|
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मांसदोषेण जानीयादर्बुदं मांससम्भवम् |१४|
Meaning of the śloka
An arbuda arising from mamsa is recognized through disorder or increase of mamsa.
The commentary explains mamsadosha here as an increase of mamsa. It says this condition also arises on the penis through blows or similar injury when shuka has been used improperly.
Key terms
mAMsArbuda (mamsarbuda)
An arbuda attributed to mamsa in the classical classification.
mAMsadoSha (mamsadosha)
Disorder of mamsa, glossed here as its increase.
li~gga (linga)
The penis in this context.
prahAra (prahara)
A blow or traumatic impact.
shUka (shuka)
A historically applied material or device discussed in this chapter; its precise form is not stated here.
The commentary glosses shiryante as melting or disintegrating. It says this condition too arises from doshas disturbed by improperly used shuka. The supplied commentary ends incompletely after the verse reference.
Key terms
mAMsapAka (mamsapaka)
A severe classical condition involving breakdown or suppuration of flesh.
shIryante (shiryante)
Break down, disintegrate, or melt away.
sarvavedanA (sarvavedana)
Multiple or every kind of pain.
sarvadoShakRuta (sarvadoshakrita)
Attributed to all the doshas.
duravacAritashUka (duravacharita shuka)
Improper use of shuka in the commentary's historical causal account.
Adhikarana ૧૮ (૧૫) · Śloka ૧૫
વિદ્રધિં સન્નિપાતેન યથોક્તમભિનિર્દિશેત્ ||૧૫||
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विद्रधिं सन्निपातेन यथोक्तमभिनिर्दिशेत् ||१५||
Meaning of the śloka
A vidradhi produced by the combined disturbance of all three doshas should be identified according to the signs already described.
Black or variously colored poisonous shukas, when placed or applied, are said to cause rapid suppuration and complete destruction of the penis. When the flesh becomes dark like a ripe sesame fruit and breaks down, the condition arising from the combined doshas is called tilakalaka.
The commentary explains krishna as black and chitra as having varied colors such as white, yellow, or blue. Kala means the color of ripe sesame fruit, and shiryante means that the flesh disintegrates or melts away.
Key terms
tilakAlaka (tilakalaka)
A severe destructive genital condition in this chapter's classical classification.
saviSha shUka (savisha shuka)
Shuka described as poisonous or toxic.
citra (chitra)
Variegated in color, exemplified as white, yellow, blue, and others.
kAla (kala)
Dark like a ripe sesame fruit in the commentator's explanation.
तत्र मांसार्बुदं यच्च मांसपाकश्च यः स्मृतः |
विद्रधिश्च न सिध्यन्ति ये च स्युस्तिलकालकाः ||१८||
Meaning of the śloka
Among disorders caused by shuka, mamsarbuda, mamsapaka, vidradhi, and tilakalaka are said not to be successfully treated according to the classical prognosis.
The commentary introduces these as incurable shuka-origin disorders. It interprets the conjunction in the final phrase as allowing that they may sometimes be successfully treated, preserving a qualification to the otherwise unfavorable prognosis.
Key terms
shUkadoShaja (shukadoshaja)
A disorder attributed to shuka use in the chapter's classification.
mAMsArbuda (mamsarbuda)
A mamsa-origin arbuda.
mAMsapAka (mamsapaka)
Destructive maturation or suppuration of flesh.
vidradhi
A classical inflammatory swelling or abscess-like category.
tilakAlaka (tilakalaka)
The severe destructive genital condition described in the preceding passage.
na sidhyanti
Are not successfully treated, subject to the commentator's qualification that success may sometimes occur.
Adhikarana પુષ્પિકા · Śloka ૧૪
ઇતિ સુશ્રુતસંહિતાયાં નિદાનસ્થાને શૂકદોષનિદાનં નામ ચતુર્દશોઽધ્યાયઃ ||૧૪||
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इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां निदानस्थाने शूकदोषनिदानं नाम चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः ||१४||
Meaning of the śloka
Thus ends the fourteenth chapter of the Nidanasthana in the Sushruta Samhita, entitled Shukadoshanidana, the diagnostic account of disorders caused by shuka.
The commentary colophon states that the fourteenth chapter of the Nidanasthana is complete in Shri Dalhana's explanation of Sushruta entitled Nibandhasangraha.
Key terms
shUkadoSha (shukadosha)
The classical category of disorders associated with shuka use.
nidAnasthAna (Nidanasthana)
The division concerned with causes and diagnostic descriptions.